
Hawker Siddeley Harrier | |
|---|---|
| Pays | Royaume-uni |
| Rôle | Avion d’attaque au sol V/STOL |
| Premier vol | Le 28 décembre 1967 |
| Construit | 278 |
Lla Hawker Siddeley Harrier, développé dans les années 1960, a été le premier de la série d’avions Harrier Jump Jet. Il s’agissait du premier avion de chasse opérationnel de soutien rapproché et de reconnaissance avec des capacités verticales/courtes de décollage et d’atterrissage (V/STOL) et la seule conception V/STOL vraiment réussie des nombreuses qui ont vu le jour à cette époque. Le Harrier a été développé directement à partir de l’avion prototype Hawker Siddeley Kestrel, à la suite de l’annulation d’un avion supersonique plus avancé, le Hawker Siddeley P.1154. La Royal Air Force britannique (RAF) a commandé les variantes Harrier GR.1 et GR.3 à la fin des années 1960. Il a été exporté vers les États-Unis sous le nom av-8A, pour une utilisation par le Corps des Marines des États-Unis (USMC), dans les années 1970.
| Hawker Siddeley Harrier Walk Around | |
|---|---|
| Photographes | Luc Colin |
| Localisation | Musée de l’air du Yorkshire |
| Victor K.2 XL231 | Lusty Lindy, au Yorkshire Air Museum de York. Le prototype de la conversion B.2 à K.2. XL231 est l’un des deux Victor actuellement en état taxiable |
| Photos | 108 |
| Harrier II RAF GR.7 Walk Around | |
|---|---|
| Photographe | Cees Hendriks |
| Localisation | Inconnu |
| Photos | 45 |
| Harrier T.4 trainer Walk Around | |
|---|---|
| Photographe | Cees Hendriks |
| Localisation | Inconnu |
| Harrier T.4 | Version d’entraînement biplace pour la Royal Air Force, équivalente au GR.3, avec moteur Pegasus Mk 103, chercheur laser et récepteur d’avertissement radar. Retourné à l’aileron court de la monoplace |
| Photos | 150 |
| AV-8A Harrier Walk Around | |
|---|---|
| Photographe | Howard Mason |
| Localisation | Inconnu |
| Photos | 72 |
Voir aussi :
| Harrier GR.3 Walk Around | |
|---|---|
| Photographe | Michael Benolkin |
| Localisation | Inconnu |
| Photos | 23 |
| Hawker-Siddeley AV-8A ‘Harrier’ Walk Around | |
|---|---|
| Photographe | Inconnu |
| Localisation | |
| Photos | 28 |
Defying Gravity
Lla Hawker Siddeley Harrier (the « Harrier GR.1/GR.3 ») was a revolutionary feat of British engineering. Developed from the P.1127 experimental aircraft, it was the only V/STOL (Vertical/Short Take-Off and Landing) design to reach full operational status during the Cold War. Designed to operate from forest clearings and hidden roads if airfields were destroyed by nuclear strikes, the Harrier used « vectored thrust » to take off vertically like a helicopter but fly with the speed of a frontline jet fighter.
| Attribute | Technical Specification (Harrier GR.3) |
|---|---|
| Rôle | V/STOL Ground Attack / Reconnaissance |
| Crew | 1 (Pilot) |
| First Flight (Harrier) | December 28, 1967 |
| Groupe motopropulseur | 1 × Rolls-Royce Pegasus 103 turbofan |
| Thrust | 21,500 lbf (95.6 kN) |
| Vitesse maximale | 730 mph (1,176 km/h / Mach 0.95) |
| Combat Radius | 200 miles (370 km) in lo-lo-lo profile |
| Armement | 2 × 30mm ADEN cannons; 2 × AIM-9 Sidewinders; up to 5,000 lbs of bombs/rockets |
Mastering the Hover
- Vectored Thrust Nozzles: The heart of the Harrier is the Pegasus engine, which has four rotating nozzles. By moving a single lever in the cockpit, the pilot can angle the exhaust from fully rearward (for forward flight) to fully downward (for hover).
- Reaction Control System (RCS): When hovering, traditional flight surfaces (ailerons/rudders) are useless because there is no airflow over them. The Harrier uses small « puffer ducts » in the nose, tail, and wingtips that bleed air from the engine to steer the plane.
- Lla « Outrigger » Gear: Because the engine and nozzles occupy the center of the fuselage, the Harrier uses a unique bicycle-style landing gear with two main wheels under the body and two small « outrigger » wheels at the wingtips.
- VIFFing: Pilots discovered they could « Vector In Forward Flight » (VIFFing). By slightly rotating the nozzles downward during a dogfight, the Harrier could suddenly slow down or change its flight path, forcing an enemy attacker to « overshoot. »
Operational Legend
- The Falklands War (1982): The Sea Harrier (naval version) and the RAF’s GR.3 proved the V/STOL concept in combat. Operating from carriers in high seas, they achieved an incredible air-to-air kill ratio against faster Argentine supersonic jets.
- Off-Base Operations: During Cold War exercises in Germany, Harriers were famously hidden in camouflaged hides in woods and refueled/rearmed from hidden trucks, proving they didn’t need vulnerable concrete runways.
- Global Evolution: The design was so successful that the U.S. Marine Corps adopted it as the AV-8A, eventually leading to the heavily redesigned AV-8B Harrier II.
- Retirement: The original British Harriers were retired in 2010 (Navy) and 2011 (RAF), with the F-35B Lightning II eventually taking over the role as the world’s premier STOVL fighter.
Views : 8712



















Nouvel ensemble de 45 photos d’un Harrier II RAF GR.7