Hawker Siddeley Harrier

Hawker Siddeley Harrier
Land	Uk
Role	V/STOL grondaanvalsvliegtuigen
Eerste vlucht	28 december 1967
Gebouwd	278

De Hawker Siddeley Kiekendief, ontwikkeld in de jaren 1960, was de eerste van de Harrier Jump Jet-serie vliegtuigen. Het was het eerste operationele close-support en verkenningsvliegtuig met verticale/korte start- en landingscapaciteiten (V/STOL) en het enige echt succesvolle V/STOL-ontwerp van de vele die in die tijd ontstonden. De Harrier werd rechtstreeks ontwikkeld uit het Hawker Siddeley Kestrel prototype vliegtuig, na de annulering van een meer geavanceerd supersonisch vliegtuig, de Hawker Siddeley P.1154. De Britse Royal Air Force (RAF) bestelde de Harrier GR.1 en GR.3 varianten in de late jaren 1960. Het werd geëxporteerd naar de Verenigde Staten als de AV-8A, voor gebruik door het US Marine Corps (USMC), in de jaren 1970.

Bron: Hawker Siddeley Harrier op Wikipedia

Hawker Siddeley Harrier Walk Around
Fotografen	Luc Colin
Lokalisatie	Het Museum van de Lucht van Yorkshire
Victor K.2 XL231	Lusty Lindy, in het Yorkshire Air Museum, York. Het prototype voor de B.2 naar K.2 conversie. XL231 is een van de twee Victors die momenteel in taxibare staat verkeren
Foto 's	108

Harrier GR.3 01

Harrier GR.3 02

Harrier GR.3 03

Harrier GR.3 04

Harrier GR.3 05

Harrier GR.3 06

Harrier GR.3 07

Harrier GR.3 08

Harrier GR.3 09

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Harrier II RAF GR.7 Walk Around
Fotograaf	Cees Hendriks
Lokalisatie	Onbewust
Foto 's	45

Harrier T.4 trainer Walk Around
Fotograaf	Cees Hendriks
Lokalisatie	Onbewust
Harrier T.4	Tweezits trainingsversie voor de Royal Air Force, gelijk aan de GR.3, met Pegasus Mk 103-motor, laserzoeker en radarwaarschuwingsontvanger. Teruggezet naar korte vin van eenzitter
Foto 's	150

Harrier T.4 trainer |

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AV-8A Harrier Walk Around
Fotograaf	Howard Mason
Lokalisatie	Onbewust
Foto 's	72

AV-8A Kiekendief

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Zie ook:

Harrier GR.3 Walk Around
Fotograaf	Michael Benolkin
Lokalisatie	Onbewust
Foto 's	23

Hawker-Siddeley AV-8A ‘Harrier’ Walk Around
Fotograaf	Onbewust
Lokalisatie
Foto 's	28

Hawker-Siddeley AV-8A 'Harrier'

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Defying Gravity

De Hawker Siddeley Kiekendief (the “Harrier GR.1/GR.3”) was a revolutionary feat of British engineering. Developed from the P.1127 experimental aircraft, it was the only V/STOL (Vertical/Short Take-Off and Landing) design to reach full operational status during the Cold War. Designed to operate from forest clearings and hidden roads if airfields were destroyed by nuclear strikes, the Harrier used “vectored thrust” to take off vertically like a helicopter but fly with the speed of a frontline jet fighter.

Attribute	Technical Specification (Harrier GR.3)
Role	V/STOL Ground Attack / Reconnaissance
Bemanning	1 (Pilot)
First Flight (Harrier)	December 28, 1967
Krachtbron	1 × Rolls-Royce Pegasus 103 turbofan
Thrust	21,500 lbf (95.6 kN)
Maximum Speed	730 mph (1,176 km/h / Mach 0.95)
Combat Radius	200 miles (370 km) in lo-lo-lo profile
Bewapening	2 × 30mm ADEN cannons; 2 × AIM-9 Sidewinders; up to 5,000 lbs of bombs/rockets

Mastering the Hover

Vectored Thrust Nozzles: The heart of the Harrier is the Pegasus engine, which has four rotating nozzles. By moving a single lever in the cockpit, the pilot can angle the exhaust from fully rearward (for forward flight) to fully downward (for hover).
Reaction Control System (RCS): When hovering, traditional flight surfaces (ailerons/rudders) are useless because there is no airflow over them. The Harrier uses small “puffer ducts” in the nose, tail, and wingtips that bleed air from the engine to steer the plane.
The “Outrigger” Gear: Because the engine and nozzles occupy the center of the fuselage, the Harrier uses a unique bicycle-style landing gear with two main wheels under the body and two small “outrigger” wheels at the wingtips.
VIFFing: Pilots discovered they could “Vector In Forward Flight” (VIFFing). By slightly rotating the nozzles downward during a dogfight, the Harrier could suddenly slow down or change its flight path, forcing an enemy attacker to “overshoot.”

Operational Legend

The Falklands War (1982): The Sea Harrier (naval version) and the RAF’s GR.3 proved the V/STOL concept in combat. Operating from carriers in high seas, they achieved an incredible air-to-air kill ratio against faster Argentine supersonic jets.
Off-Base Operations: During Cold War exercises in Germany, Harriers were famously hidden in camouflaged hides in woods and refueled/rearmed from hidden trucks, proving they didn’t need vulnerable concrete runways.
Global Evolution: The design was so successful that the U.S. Marine Corps adopted it as the AV-8A, eventually leading to the heavily redesigned AV-8B Kiekendief II.
Retirement: The original British Harriers were retired in 2010 (Navy) and 2011 (RAF), with the F-35B Lightning II eventually taking over the role as the world’s premier STOVL fighter.