Hawker Siddeley Harrier

Hawker Siddeley Harrier
Šalies	Jk
Vaidmenį	V/STOL antžeminės atakos orlaiviai
Pirmasis skrydis	1967 m. gruodžio 28 d.
Pastatytas	278

2007 Vanagas Siddeley Harrier, sukurtas 1960-aisiais, buvo pirmasis iš "Harrier Jump Jet" orlaivių serijos. Tai buvo pirmasis operatyvinis artimos paramos ir žvalgybinis naikintuvas su vertikalaus/trumpo kilimo ir tūpimo (V/STOL) pajėgumais ir vienintelis tikrai sėkmingas V/STOL dizainas iš daugelio, atsiradusių toje eroje. "Harrier" buvo sukurtas tiesiai iš "Hawker Siddeley Kestrel" prototipo lėktuvo, atšaukus pažangesnį viršgarsinį orlaivį "Hawker Siddeley P.1154". Didžiosios Britanijos karališkosios oro pajėgos (RAF) 1960-ųjų pabaigoje užsakė "Harrier GR.1" ir "GR.3" variantus. Jis buvo eksportuotas į JAV kaip AV-8A, skirtas naudoti JAV jūrų pėstininkų korpusui (USMC), 1970-aisiais.

Šaltinis: Hawker Siddeley Harrier Vikipedijoje

Hawker Siddeley Harrier Walk Around
Fotografai	Lucas Colinas
Lokalizavimo	Jorkšyro oro muziejus
Viktoras K.2 XL231	Geidulinga Lindy, Jorkšyro oro muziejuje, Jorke. B.2 į K.2 konversijos prototipas. XL231 yra vienas iš dviejų "Victors", šiuo metu esančių taksistų
Nuotraukos	108

Harrier GR.3 01

Harrier GR.3 02

Harrier GR.3 03

Harrier GR.3 04

Harrier GR.3 05

Harrier GR.3 06

Harrier GR.3 07

Harrier GR.3 08

Harrier GR.3 09

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Harrier II RAF GR.7 Walk Around
Fotografas	Cees Hendriksas
Lokalizavimo	Nežinoti
Nuotraukos	45

Harrier T.4 trainer Walk Around
Fotografas	Cees Hendriksas
Lokalizavimo	Nežinoti
Harrier T.4	Dviejų vietų mokomoji versija Karališkosioms oro pajėgoms, lygiavertė GR.3, su Pegasus Mk 103 varikliu, lazeriniu ieškotoju ir radaro įspėjimo imtuvu. Grįžtama prie trumpo vienvietės sėdynės peleko
Nuotraukos	150

Harrier T.4 treniruoklis

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AV-8A Harrier Walk Around
Fotografas	Howardas Masonas
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AV-8A Harrier

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Harrier GR.3 Walk Around
Fotografas	Michael Benolkin
Lokalizavimo	Nežinoti
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Hawker-Siddeley AV-8A ‘Harrier’ Walk Around
Fotografas	Nežinoti
Lokalizavimo
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Hawker-Siddeley AV-8A "Harrier"

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Defying Gravity

2007 Vanagas Siddeley Harrier (the “Harrier GR.1/GR.3”) was a revolutionary feat of British engineering. Developed from the P.1127 experimental aircraft, it was the only V/STOL (Vertical/Short Take-Off and Landing) design to reach full operational status during the Cold War. Designed to operate from forest clearings and hidden roads if airfields were destroyed by nuclear strikes, the Harrier used “vectored thrust” to take off vertically like a helicopter but fly with the speed of a frontline jet fighter.

Attribute	Technical Specification (Harrier GR.3)
Vaidmenį	V/STOL Ground Attack / Reconnaissance
Įgulos	1 (Pilot)
First Flight (Harrier)	December 28, 1967
Jėgainė	1 × Rolls-Royce Pegasus 103 turbofan
Thrust	21,500 lbf (95.6 kN)
Maximum Speed	730 mph (1,176 km/h / Mach 0.95)
Combat Radius	200 miles (370 km) in lo-lo-lo profile
Ginkluotės	2 × 30mm ADEN cannons; 2 × AIM-9 Sidewinders; up to 5,000 lbs of bombs/rockets

Mastering the Hover

Vectored Thrust Nozzles: The heart of the Harrier is the Pegasus engine, which has four rotating nozzles. By moving a single lever in the cockpit, the pilot can angle the exhaust from fully rearward (for forward flight) to fully downward (for hover).
Reaction Control System (RCS): When hovering, traditional flight surfaces (ailerons/rudders) are useless because there is no airflow over them. The Harrier uses small “puffer ducts” in the nose, tail, and wingtips that bleed air from the engine to steer the plane.
The “Outrigger” Gear: Because the engine and nozzles occupy the center of the fuselage, the Harrier uses a unique bicycle-style landing gear with two main wheels under the body and two small “outrigger” wheels at the wingtips.
VIFFing: Pilots discovered they could “Vector In Forward Flight” (VIFFing). By slightly rotating the nozzles downward during a dogfight, the Harrier could suddenly slow down or change its flight path, forcing an enemy attacker to “overshoot.”

Operational Legend

The Falklands War (1982): The Sea Harrier (naval version) and the RAF’s GR.3 proved the V/STOL concept in combat. Operating from carriers in high seas, they achieved an incredible air-to-air kill ratio against faster Argentine supersonic jets.
Off-Base Operations: During Cold War exercises in Germany, Harriers were famously hidden in camouflaged hides in woods and refueled/rearmed from hidden trucks, proving they didn’t need vulnerable concrete runways.
Global Evolution: The design was so successful that the U.S. Marine Corps adopted it as the AV-8A, eventually leading to the heavily redesigned AV-8B Harrier II.
Retirement: The original British Harriers were retired in 2010 (Navy) and 2011 (RAF), with the F-35B Lightning II eventually taking over the role as the world’s premier STOVL fighter.