Hawker Siddeley Harrier

Hawker Siddeley Harrier
Državi	Uk
Vlogo	V/STOL zemeljsko napadno letalo
Prvi let	28. december 1967
Zgrajena	278

V Hawker Siddeley Harrier, razvita v 1960-jih, je bila prva od Harrier Jump Jet serije letal. To je bilo prvo operativno tesno podporno in izvidno lovsko letalo z navpičnimi/kratkimi vzletnimi in pristajalnimi zmogljivostmi (V/STOL) in edino resnično uspešno zasnovo V/STOL mnogih, ki so se v tem obdobju oblikovali. Harrier je bil razvit neposredno iz prototipnega letala Hawker Siddeley Kestrel po odpovedi naprednejšega nadzvočnega letala, Hawker Siddeley P.1154. Britansko kraljevo letalstvo (RAF) je v poznih 60. let naročilo različici Harrier GR.1 in GR.3. V ZDA so ga izvažali kot AV-8A, za uporabo v ameriški marinski enoti (USMC) v 70.

Vir: Hawker Siddeley Harrier na Wikipediji

Hawker Siddeley Harrier Walk Around
Fotografi	Luc Colin
Lokalizacijo	Letalski muzej Yorkshire
Victor K.2 XL231	Lusty Lindy, v Yorkshire Air Museum, York. Prototip za pretvorbo B.2 v K.2. XL231 je eden od dveh Viktorjev trenutno v taksi stanju
Fotografije	108

Harrier GR.3 01

Harrier GR.3 02

Harrier GR.3 03

Harrier GR.3 04

Harrier GR.3 05

Harrier GR.3 06

Harrier GR.3 07

Harrier GR.3 08

Harrier GR.3 09

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Harrier II RAF GR.7 Walk Around
Fotograf	Cees Hendriks
Lokalizacijo	Neznano
Fotografije	45

Harrier T.4 trainer Walk Around
Fotograf	Cees Hendriks
Lokalizacijo	Neznano
Harrier T.4	Dvosežna vadbena različica za Kraljevo letalstvo, enakovredna GR.3, z motorjem Pegasus Mk 103, laserskim iskalcem in radarsko opozorilnim sprejemnikom. Reverted to short fin of single seater
Fotografije	150

Trener Harrier T.4

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AV-8A Harrier Walk Around
Fotograf	Howard Mason
Lokalizacijo	Neznano
Fotografije	72

AV-8A Harrier

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Harrier GR.3 Walk Around
Fotograf	Michael Benolkin
Lokalizacijo	Neznano
Fotografije	23

Hawker-Siddeley AV-8A ‘Harrier’ Walk Around
Fotograf	Neznano
Lokalizacijo
Fotografije	28

Hawker-Siddeley AV-8A "Harrier"

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Defying Gravity

V Hawker Siddeley Harrier (the “Harrier GR.1/GR.3”) was a revolutionary feat of British engineering. Developed from the P.1127 experimental aircraft, it was the only V/STOL (Vertical/Short Take-Off and Landing) design to reach full operational status during the Cold War. Designed to operate from forest clearings and hidden roads if airfields were destroyed by nuclear strikes, the Harrier used “vectored thrust” to take off vertically like a helicopter but fly with the speed of a frontline jet fighter.

Attribute	Technical Specification (Harrier GR.3)
Vlogo	V/STOL Ground Attack / Reconnaissance
Posadke	1 (Pilot)
First Flight (Harrier)	December 28, 1967
Powerplant	1 × Rolls-Royce Pegasus 103 turbofan
Thrust	21,500 lbf (95.6 kN)
Maximum Speed	730 mph (1,176 km/h / Mach 0.95)
Combat Radius	200 miles (370 km) in lo-lo-lo profile
Oborožitev	2 × 30mm ADEN cannons; 2 × AIM-9 Sidewinders; up to 5,000 lbs of bombs/rockets

Mastering the Hover

Vectored Thrust Nozzles: The heart of the Harrier is the Pegasus engine, which has four rotating nozzles. By moving a single lever in the cockpit, the pilot can angle the exhaust from fully rearward (for forward flight) to fully downward (for hover).
Reaction Control System (RCS): When hovering, traditional flight surfaces (ailerons/rudders) are useless because there is no airflow over them. The Harrier uses small “puffer ducts” in the nose, tail, and wingtips that bleed air from the engine to steer the plane.
The “Outrigger” Gear: Because the engine and nozzles occupy the center of the fuselage, the Harrier uses a unique bicycle-style landing gear with two main wheels under the body and two small “outrigger” wheels at the wingtips.
VIFFing: Pilots discovered they could “Vector In Forward Flight” (VIFFing). By slightly rotating the nozzles downward during a dogfight, the Harrier could suddenly slow down or change its flight path, forcing an enemy attacker to “overshoot.”

Operational Legend

The Falklands War (1982): The Sea Harrier (naval version) and the RAF’s GR.3 proved the V/STOL concept in combat. Operating from carriers in high seas, they achieved an incredible air-to-air kill ratio against faster Argentine supersonic jets.
Off-Base Operations: During Cold War exercises in Germany, Harriers were famously hidden in camouflaged hides in woods and refueled/rearmed from hidden trucks, proving they didn’t need vulnerable concrete runways.
Global Evolution: The design was so successful that the U.S. Marine Corps adopted it as the AV-8A, eventually leading to the heavily redesigned AV-8B Harrier II.
Retirement: The original British Harriers were retired in 2010 (Navy) and 2011 (RAF), with the F-35B Lightning II eventually taking over the role as the world’s premier STOVL fighter.