
Hawker Siddeley Harrier | |
|---|---|
| Země | Uk |
| Roli | Pozemní útočná letadla V/STOL |
| První let | 28. prosince 1967 |
| Postaven | 278 |
Tá Hawker Siddeley Harrier, vyvinutý v 60. letech 20. Byl to první operační stíhací letoun s úzkou podporou a průzkumem s vertikálními/krátkými vzlety a přistáními (V/STOL) a jediným skutečně úspěšným designem V/STOL mnoha z nich, které v té době vznikly. Harrier byl vyvinut přímo z prototypu letounu Hawker Siddeley Kestrel po zrušení pokročilejšího nadzvukového letounu Hawker Siddeley P.1154. Britské královské letectvo (RAF) objednalo varianty Harrier GR.1 a GR.3 na konci 60. let. V 70. letech 20.0. let 20.0. 20.00 byl vyvezen do Spojených států jako AV-8A pro použití americkou námořní pěchotou (USMC).
| Hawker Siddeley Harrier Walk Around | |
|---|---|
| Fotografů | Luc Colin |
| Lokalizace | Yorkshire air muzeum |
| Viktor K.2 XL231 | Lusty Lindy, v Yorkshire Air Museum, York. Prototyp pro převod B.2 na K.2. XL231 je jedním ze dvou Victorů, kteří jsou v současné době v pojížděném stavu |
| Fotografie | 108 |
| Harrier II RAF GR.7 Walk Around | |
|---|---|
| Fotograf | Cees Hendriks |
| Lokalizace | Neznámé |
| Fotografie | 45 |
| Harrier T.4 trainer Walk Around | |
|---|---|
| Fotograf | Cees Hendriks |
| Lokalizace | Neznámé |
| Harrier T.4 | Dvoumístná výcviková verze pro Royal Air Force, ekvivalentní GR.3, s motorem Pegasus Mk 103, laserovým hledačem a radarovým výstražným přijímačem. Návrat na krátkou ploutev jednomístného sedadla |
| Fotografie | 150 |
| AV-8A Harrier Walk Around | |
|---|---|
| Fotograf | Howard Mason |
| Lokalizace | Neznámé |
| Fotografie | 72 |
Viz také:
| Harrier GR.3 Walk Around | |
|---|---|
| Fotograf | Michael Benolkin |
| Lokalizace | Neznámé |
| Fotografie | 23 |
| Hawker-Siddeley AV-8A ‘Harrier’ Walk Around | |
|---|---|
| Fotograf | Neznámé |
| Lokalizace | |
| Fotografie | 28 |
Defying Gravity
Tá Hawker Siddeley Harrier (the “Harrier GR.1/GR.3”) was a revolutionary feat of British engineering. Developed from the P.1127 experimental aircraft, it was the only V/STOL (Vertical/Short Take-Off and Landing) design to reach full operational status during the Cold War. Designed to operate from forest clearings and hidden roads if airfields were destroyed by nuclear strikes, the Harrier used “vectored thrust” to take off vertically like a helicopter but fly with the speed of a frontline jet fighter.
| Attribute | Technical Specification (Harrier GR.3) |
|---|---|
| Roli | V/STOL Ground Attack / Reconnaissance |
| Posádky | 1 (Pilot) |
| First Flight (Harrier) | December 28, 1967 |
| Pohonná jednotka | 1 × Rolls-Royce Pegasus 103 turbofan |
| Thrust | 21,500 lbf (95.6 kN) |
| Maximum Speed | 730 mph (1,176 km/h / Mach 0.95) |
| Combat Radius | 200 miles (370 km) in lo-lo-lo profile |
| Zbrojení | 2 × 30mm ADEN cannons; 2 × AIM-9 Sidewinders; up to 5,000 lbs of bombs/rockets |
Mastering the Hover
- Vectored Thrust Nozzles: The heart of the Harrier is the Pegasus engine, which has four rotating nozzles. By moving a single lever in the cockpit, the pilot can angle the exhaust from fully rearward (for forward flight) to fully downward (for hover).
- Reaction Control System (RCS): When hovering, traditional flight surfaces (ailerons/rudders) are useless because there is no airflow over them. The Harrier uses small “puffer ducts” in the nose, tail, and wingtips that bleed air from the engine to steer the plane.
- The “Outrigger” Gear: Because the engine and nozzles occupy the center of the fuselage, the Harrier uses a unique bicycle-style landing gear with two main wheels under the body and two small “outrigger” wheels at the wingtips.
- VIFFing: Pilots discovered they could “Vector In Forward Flight” (VIFFing). By slightly rotating the nozzles downward during a dogfight, the Harrier could suddenly slow down or change its flight path, forcing an enemy attacker to “overshoot.”
Operational Legend
- The Falklands War (1982): The Sea Harrier (naval version) and the RAF’s GR.3 proved the V/STOL concept in combat. Operating from carriers in high seas, they achieved an incredible air-to-air kill ratio against faster Argentine supersonic jets.
- Off-Base Operations: During Cold War exercises in Germany, Harriers were famously hidden in camouflaged hides in woods and refueled/rearmed from hidden trucks, proving they didn’t need vulnerable concrete runways.
- Global Evolution: The design was so successful that the U.S. Marine Corps adopted it as the AV-8A, eventually leading to the heavily redesigned AV-8B Harrier II.
- Retirement: The original British Harriers were retired in 2010 (Navy) and 2011 (RAF), with the F-35B Lightning II eventually taking over the role as the world’s premier STOVL fighter.
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