Hawker Siddeley Harrier

Hawker Siddeley Harrier
País	Reino unido
Papel	Aeronave de ataque terrestre V/STOL
Primeiro voo	28 de dezembro de 1967
Construído	278

O Hawker Siddeley Harrier, desenvolvido na década de 1960, foi o primeiro da série de aeronaves Harrier Jump Jet. Foi o primeiro avião de combate operacional de suporte próximo e reconhecimento com capacidades verticais/curtas de decolagem e pouso (V/STOL) e o único projeto V/STOL verdadeiramente bem sucedido dos muitos que surgiram naquela época. O Harrier foi desenvolvido diretamente a partir do protótipo hawker Siddeley Kestrel, após o cancelamento de uma aeronave supersônica mais avançada, o Hawker Siddeley P.1154. A Força Aérea Real Britânica (RAF) encomendou as variantes Harrier GR.1 e GR.3 no final da década de 1960. Foi exportado para os Estados Unidos como o AV-8A, para uso do Corpo de Fuzileiros Navais dos EUA (USMC), na década de 1970.

Fonte: Hawker Siddeley Harrier na Wikipédia

Hawker Siddeley Harrier Walk Around
Fotógrafos	Luc Colin
Localização	Museu Do Ar de Yorkshire
Victor K.2 XL231	Lusty Lindy, no Museu Aéreo de Yorkshire, York. O protótipo da conversão B.2 para K.2. XL231 é um dos dois Victors atualmente em condições taxiáveis
Fotos	108

Harrier GR.3 01

Harrier GR.3 02

Harrier GR.3 03

Harrier GR.3 04

Harrier GR.3 05

Harrier GR.3 06

Harrier GR.3 07

Harrier GR.3 08

Harrier GR.3 09

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Harrier T.4	Versão de treinamento de dois lugares para a Força Aérea Real, equivalente ao GR.3, com motor Pegasus Mk 103, buscador a laser e receptor de aviso de radar. Revertido para barbatana curta de monoposto
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Harrier T.4 treinador

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Defying Gravity

O Hawker Siddeley Harrier (the “Harrier GR.1/GR.3”) was a revolutionary feat of British engineering. Developed from the P.1127 experimental aircraft, it was the only V/STOL (Vertical/Short Take-Off and Landing) design to reach full operational status during the Cold War. Designed to operate from forest clearings and hidden roads if airfields were destroyed by nuclear strikes, the Harrier used “vectored thrust” to take off vertically like a helicopter but fly with the speed of a frontline jet fighter.

Attribute	Technical Specification (Harrier GR.3)
Papel	V/STOL Ground Attack / Reconnaissance
tripulação	1 (Pilot)
First Flight (Harrier)	December 28, 1967
Usina	1 × Rolls-Royce Pegasus 103 turbofan
Thrust	21,500 lbf (95.6 kN)
Maximum Speed	730 mph (1,176 km/h / Mach 0.95)
Combat Radius	200 miles (370 km) in lo-lo-lo profile
Armamento	2 × 30mm ADEN cannons; 2 × AIM-9 Sidewinders; up to 5,000 lbs of bombs/rockets

Mastering the Hover

Vectored Thrust Nozzles: The heart of the Harrier is the Pegasus engine, which has four rotating nozzles. By moving a single lever in the cockpit, the pilot can angle the exhaust from fully rearward (for forward flight) to fully downward (for hover).
Reaction Control System (RCS): When hovering, traditional flight surfaces (ailerons/rudders) are useless because there is no airflow over them. The Harrier uses small “puffer ducts” in the nose, tail, and wingtips that bleed air from the engine to steer the plane.
The “Outrigger” Gear: Because the engine and nozzles occupy the center of the fuselage, the Harrier uses a unique bicycle-style landing gear with two main wheels under the body and two small “outrigger” wheels at the wingtips.
VIFFing: Pilots discovered they could “Vector In Forward Flight” (VIFFing). By slightly rotating the nozzles downward during a dogfight, the Harrier could suddenly slow down or change its flight path, forcing an enemy attacker to “overshoot.”

Operational Legend

The Falklands War (1982): The Sea Harrier (naval version) and the RAF’s GR.3 proved the V/STOL concept in combat. Operating from carriers in high seas, they achieved an incredible air-to-air kill ratio against faster Argentine supersonic jets.
Off-Base Operations: During Cold War exercises in Germany, Harriers were famously hidden in camouflaged hides in woods and refueled/rearmed from hidden trucks, proving they didn’t need vulnerable concrete runways.
Global Evolution: The design was so successful that the U.S. Marine Corps adopted it as the AV-8A, eventually leading to the heavily redesigned AV-8B Harrier II.
Retirement: The original British Harriers were retired in 2010 (Navy) and 2011 (RAF), with the F-35B Lightning II eventually taking over the role as the world’s premier STOVL fighter.