Hawker Siddeley Harrier

Hawker Siddeley Harrier
Land	Storbritannia
Rolle	V/STOL bakkeangrepsfly
Første flytur	28. desember 1967
Bygget	278

Den Hawker Siddeley Harrier, utviklet på 1960-tallet, var den første av Harrier Jump Jet-serien av fly. Det var det første operative nærstøtte- og rekognoserings jagerflyet med vertikal / kort start og landing (V / STOL) evner og den eneste virkelig vellykkede V / STOL-utformingen av de mange som oppsto i den tiden. Harrier ble utviklet direkte fra Hawker Siddeley Kestrel prototypefly, etter kansellering av et mer avansert supersonisk fly, Hawker Siddeley P.1154. British Royal Air Force (RAF) bestilte Varianter av Harrier GR.1 og GR.3 på slutten av 1960-tallet. Det ble eksportert til USA som AV-8A, for bruk av US Marine Corps (USMC), på 1970-tallet.

Kilde: Hawker Siddeley Harrier på Wikipedia

Hawker Siddeley Harrier Walk Around
Fotografer	Luzern Colin
Lokalisering	Yorkshire luftfartsmuseum
Viktor K.2 XL231	Lusty Lindy, på Yorkshire Air Museum, York. Prototypen for konverteringen fra B.2 til K.2. XL231 er en av to Victors som for tiden er i drosjeform
Bilder	108

Harrier GR.3 01

Harrier GR.3 02

Harrier GR.3 03

Harrier GR.3 04

Harrier GR.3 05

Harrier GR.3 06

Harrier GR.3 07

Harrier GR.3 08

Harrier GR.3 09

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Harrier II RAF GR.7 Walk Around
Fotograf	Cees Hendriks
Lokalisering	Unknow
Bilder	45

Harrier T.4 trainer Walk Around
Fotograf	Cees Hendriks
Lokalisering	Unknow
Harrier T.4	To-seters treningsversjon for Royal Air Force, tilsvarende GR.3, med Pegasus Mk 103 motor, lasersøker og radarvarslingsmottaker. Tilbakeført til kort fin av enkeltseter
Bilder	150

Harrier T.4 trener

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AV-8A Harrier Walk Around
Fotograf	Howard Mason
Lokalisering	Unknow
Bilder	72

AV-8A Harrier

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Harrier GR.3 Walk Around
Fotograf	Michael Benolkin
Lokalisering	Unknow
Bilder	23

Hawker-Siddeley AV-8A ‘Harrier’ Walk Around
Fotograf	Unknow
Lokalisering
Bilder	28

Hawker-Siddeley AV-8A 'Harrier'

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Defying Gravity

Den Hawker Siddeley Harrier (the “Harrier GR.1/GR.3”) was a revolutionary feat of British engineering. Developed from the P.1127 experimental aircraft, it was the only V/STOL (Vertical/Short Take-Off and Landing) design to reach full operational status during the Cold War. Designed to operate from forest clearings and hidden roads if airfields were destroyed by nuclear strikes, the Harrier used “vectored thrust” to take off vertically like a helicopter but fly with the speed of a frontline jet fighter.

Attribute	Technical Specification (Harrier GR.3)
Rolle	V/STOL Ground Attack / Reconnaissance
Mannskapet	1 (Pilot)
First Flight (Harrier)	December 28, 1967
Kraftverk	1 × Rolls-Royce Pegasus 103 turbofan
Thrust	21,500 lbf (95.6 kN)
Maximum Speed	730 mph (1,176 km/h / Mach 0.95)
Combat Radius	200 miles (370 km) in lo-lo-lo profile
Bevæpning	2 × 30mm ADEN cannons; 2 × AIM-9 Sidewinders; up to 5,000 lbs of bombs/rockets

Mastering the Hover

Vectored Thrust Nozzles: The heart of the Harrier is the Pegasus engine, which has four rotating nozzles. By moving a single lever in the cockpit, the pilot can angle the exhaust from fully rearward (for forward flight) to fully downward (for hover).
Reaction Control System (RCS): When hovering, traditional flight surfaces (ailerons/rudders) are useless because there is no airflow over them. The Harrier uses small “puffer ducts” in the nose, tail, and wingtips that bleed air from the engine to steer the plane.
The “Outrigger” Gear: Because the engine and nozzles occupy the center of the fuselage, the Harrier uses a unique bicycle-style landing gear with two main wheels under the body and two small “outrigger” wheels at the wingtips.
VIFFing: Pilots discovered they could “Vector In Forward Flight” (VIFFing). By slightly rotating the nozzles downward during a dogfight, the Harrier could suddenly slow down or change its flight path, forcing an enemy attacker to “overshoot.”

Operational Legend

The Falklands War (1982): The Sea Harrier (naval version) and the RAF’s GR.3 proved the V/STOL concept in combat. Operating from carriers in high seas, they achieved an incredible air-to-air kill ratio against faster Argentine supersonic jets.
Off-Base Operations: During Cold War exercises in Germany, Harriers were famously hidden in camouflaged hides in woods and refueled/rearmed from hidden trucks, proving they didn’t need vulnerable concrete runways.
Global Evolution: The design was so successful that the U.S. Marine Corps adopted it as the AV-8A, eventually leading to the heavily redesigned AV-8B Harrier II.
Retirement: The original British Harriers were retired in 2010 (Navy) and 2011 (RAF), with the F-35B Lightning II eventually taking over the role as the world’s premier STOVL fighter.