Hawker Siddeley Harrier

Hawker Siddeley Harrier
País	Uk
Papel	Aviones de ataque terrestre V/STOL
Primer vuelo	28 de diciembre de 1967
Construido	278

el Hawker Siddeley Harrier, desarrollado en la década de 1960, fue el primero de la serie de aviones Harrier Jump Jet. Fue el primer avión de combate operativo de soporte cercano y reconocimiento con capacidades verticales/cortas de despegue y aterrizaje (V/STOL) y el único diseño V/STOL verdaderamente exitoso de los muchos que surgieron en esa época. El Harrier fue desarrollado directamente a partir del prototipo de avión Hawker Siddeley Kestrel, después de la cancelación de un avión supersónico más avanzado, el Hawker Siddeley P.1154. La Real Fuerza Aérea Británica (RAF) ordenó las variantes Harrier GR.1 y GR.3 a finales de la década de 1960. Fue exportado a los Estados Unidos como el AV-8A, para su uso por el Cuerpo de Marines de los Estados Unidos (USMC), en la década de 1970.

Fuente: Hawker Siddeley Harrier en Wikipedia

Hawker Siddeley Harrier Walk Around
Fotógrafos	Luc Colin
Localización	Museo del Aire de Yorkshire
Víctor K.2 XL231	Lusty Lindy, en el Museo del Aire de Yorkshire, York. El prototipo para la conversión de B.2 a K.2. XL231 es uno de los dos Victors actualmente en condiciones de taxi
Fotos	108

Harrier GR.3 01

Harrier GR.3 02

Harrier GR.3 03

Harrier GR.3 04

Harrier GR.3 05

Harrier GR.3 06

Harrier GR.3 07

Harrier GR.3 08

Harrier GR.3 09

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Harrier II RAF GR.7 Walk Around
Fotógrafo	Cees Hendriks
Localización	Unknow
Fotos	45

Harrier T.4 trainer Walk Around
Fotógrafo	Cees Hendriks
Localización	Unknow
Harrier T.4	Versión de entrenamiento de dos asientos para la Real Fuerza Aérea, equivalente al GR.3, con motor Pegasus Mk 103, buscador láser y receptor de advertencia de radar. Revertido a aleta corta de un solo sellador
Fotos	150

Entrenador Harrier T.4

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AV-8A Aguilucho

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Harrier GR.3 Walk Around
Fotógrafo	Michael Benolkin
Localización	Unknow
Fotos	23

Hawker-Siddeley AV-8A ‘Harrier’ Walk Around
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Localización
Fotos	28

Hawker-Siddeley AV-8A 'Harrier'

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Defying Gravity

el Hawker Siddeley Harrier (the “Harrier GR.1/GR.3”) was a revolutionary feat of British engineering. Developed from the P.1127 experimental aircraft, it was the only V/STOL (Vertical/Short Take-Off and Landing) design to reach full operational status during the Cold War. Designed to operate from forest clearings and hidden roads if airfields were destroyed by nuclear strikes, the Harrier used “vectored thrust” to take off vertically like a helicopter but fly with the speed of a frontline jet fighter.

Attribute	Technical Specification (Harrier GR.3)
Papel	V/STOL Ground Attack / Reconnaissance
Equipo	1 (Pilot)
First Flight (Harrier)	December 28, 1967
Planta motriz	1 × Rolls-Royce Pegasus 103 turbofan
Thrust	21,500 lbf (95.6 kN)
Velocidad máxima	730 mph (1,176 km/h / Mach 0.95)
Combat Radius	200 miles (370 km) in lo-lo-lo profile
Armamento	2 × 30mm ADEN cannons; 2 × AIM-9 Sidewinders; up to 5,000 lbs of bombs/rockets

Mastering the Hover

Vectored Thrust Nozzles: The heart of the Harrier is the Pegasus engine, which has four rotating nozzles. By moving a single lever in the cockpit, the pilot can angle the exhaust from fully rearward (for forward flight) to fully downward (for hover).
Reaction Control System (RCS): When hovering, traditional flight surfaces (ailerons/rudders) are useless because there is no airflow over them. The Harrier uses small “puffer ducts” in the nose, tail, and wingtips that bleed air from the engine to steer the plane.
The “Outrigger” Gear: Because the engine and nozzles occupy the center of the fuselage, the Harrier uses a unique bicycle-style landing gear with two main wheels under the body and two small “outrigger” wheels at the wingtips.
VIFFing: Pilots discovered they could “Vector In Forward Flight” (VIFFing). By slightly rotating the nozzles downward during a dogfight, the Harrier could suddenly slow down or change its flight path, forcing an enemy attacker to “overshoot.”

Operational Legend

The Falklands War (1982): The Sea Harrier (naval version) and the RAF’s GR.3 proved the V/STOL concept in combat. Operating from carriers in high seas, they achieved an incredible air-to-air kill ratio against faster Argentine supersonic jets.
Off-Base Operations: During Cold War exercises in Germany, Harriers were famously hidden in camouflaged hides in woods and refueled/rearmed from hidden trucks, proving they didn’t need vulnerable concrete runways.
Global Evolution: The design was so successful that the U.S. Marine Corps adopted it as the AV-8A, eventually leading to the heavily redesigned AV-8B Harrier II.
Retirement: The original British Harriers were retired in 2010 (Navy) and 2011 (RAF), with the F-35B Lightning II eventually taking over the role as the world’s premier STOVL fighter.