Yakovlev Yak-18

Yakovlev Yak-18
Pays	Union soviétique
Type	Avion d’entraînement
Introduction	1946
Statut	En service limité

Lla Yakovlev Yak-18 (russe : Яковлев Як-18 ; Max) était un avion d’entraînement militaire soviétique biplace biplace soviétique. Propulsé à l’origine par un moteur à piston radial Shvetsov M-11FR-1 de 119 kW (160 ch), il est entré en service en 1946. Il est également produit en Chine sous le nom de Nanchang CJ-5.

Source: Yakovlev Yak-18 sur Wikipédia

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Photographe	Vladimir Yakubov
Localisation	Machines de rêve de côte du Pacifique
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Photographe	Vladimir Yakubov
Localisation	Musée planes of fame, Chino
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Nanchang CJ-5 Se promener
Photographe	Vladimir Yakubov
Localisation	Salon de l’air de Salinas
Photos	54

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The Gateway to the Red Air Force

Lla Yakovlev Yak-18 was the primary basic trainer for the Soviet Air Force and civilian DOSAAF flying clubs for decades. Introduced in 1946 to replace the legendary but aging Po-2 biplane, it was designed to be rugged, forgiving, and easy to maintain. While it looked like a simple trainer, it was the aircraft that shaped the skills of nearly every Soviet pilot of the early Cold War—including Yuri Gagarin, the first human in space.

Attribute	Technical Specification (Yak-18 Early Variant)
Rôle	Primary Trainer / Liaison
Crew	2 (Student and Instructor in tandem)
First Flight	1946
Groupe motopropulseur	1 × Shvetsov M-11FR 5-cylinder radial
Horsepower	160 hp (119 kW)
Vitesse maximale	154 mph (248 km/h)
Service Ceiling	13,120 feet (4,000 m)
Construction	Metal frame with fabric and metal skin

Design Evolution: From Taildragger to Tricycle

The M-11 « Helmeted » Moteur: The original Yak-18 used the classic Shvetsov M-11 radial engine. It was easily recognizable by the individual « helmet » fairings over each cylinder head, designed to provide cooling while reducing drag.
The Yak-18A Upgrade: As Soviet jet fighters moved to tricycle landing gear (nose-wheel), the Yak-18 was redesigned as the **Yak-18A**. It featured a much more powerful engine and a nose-wheel configuration to better prepare students for modern jets.
Pneumatic Systems: In a distinctively Soviet design choice, the Yak-18 used compressed air (pneumatics) rather than hydraulics to operate its landing gear, flaps, and brakes. This made it reliable in extreme Siberian winters where hydraulic fluid might freeze or leak. [Image diagram of the Yak-18 pneumatic system layout for landing gear and flaps]
Mixed Construction: To save weight and strategic materials, the rear fuselage and wings were fabric-covered over a metal frame, while the forward fuselage was metal-skinned for durability near the engine.

A Global Legacy and « Night Witch » Roots

Gagarin’s First Wing: Yuri Gagarin learned to fly in a Yak-18 at the Saratov Aero Club. He famously returned to visit his old flight instructor after his historic spaceflight, crediting the Yak-18’s honest handling for his foundational skills.
Combat in Korea: Although a trainer, the North Korean Air Force used Yak-18s (alongside Po-2s) for « Bedcheck Charlie » night raids. Flying low and slow at night, they were nearly impossible for US jet interceptors to track on radar or shoot down.
The Chinese CJ-6: The Yak-18 was licensed to China, where it evolved into the Nanchang CJ-6. While heavily modified with an all-metal flush-riveted skin and a different wing profile, its DNA remains rooted in the Yakovlev design.
Acrobatic Pedigree: The success of the Yak-18 led directly to the Yak-18P Et Yak-18PM, world-championship-winning single-seat aerobatic aircraft that dominated international competitions in the 1960s.