Su-101 Uralmash

Su-101 Uralmash
Pays	Union soviétique
Rôle	Canon automoteur (prototype)
Conçu	1944-1945

Lla Uralmash-1 (Уралмаш-1) était un prototype de canon automoteur soviétique développé pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Il s’agissait d’un véhicule blindé de combat chenillé sans tourelle conçu par le bureau d’études Uralmash (UZTM) basé à Ekaterinbourg entre l’automne 1944 et le printemps 1945. Il utilisait le châssis du char moyen T-44 et était destiné à remplacer le SU-100 qui n’était lui-même entré en service dans l’Armée rouge qu’à la fin de 1944. Deux prototypes de l’Uralmash-1 avec un armement différent ont été construits au début de 1945, l’un avec le canon de char D-10 de 100 mm, l’autre avec le canon de char D-25S de 122 mm. Alors que la production de masse était initialement recommandée, la fin de la guerre avec l’Allemagne en mai 1945 a finalement entraîné l’annulation du projet en raison du manque de nécessité. Si l’Uralmash-1 était entré en service, la variante de 100 mm aurait été désignée SU-101 (СУ-101) tandis que la variante de 122 mm aurait été désignée SU-102 (СУ-102), conformément à la nomenclature militaire soviétique, où le « SU »-label signifiait Samokhodnaya Ustanovka, ou canon automoteur.

Source: Su-101 Uralmash sur Wiki

Su-101 « Uralmash » Se promener
Photographes	Musée de l’armure Vladimir Kubinka
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Lla « Last Word » in Tank Hunting

Lla Su-101 (also known as the Uralmash-1) was an experimental Soviet self-propelled gun developed at the very end of WWII. Based on the chassis of the T-44 tank, it was designed to replace the Su-100. Its most radical feature was the rear-mounted casemate, a complete reversal of Soviet design tradition. This layout was intended to solve the « long-nose » problem of previous tank destroyers, where the gun barrel often stuck out so far it would dig into the ground or hit obstacles during maneuvers.

Attribute	Technical Specification (Su-101)
Rôle	Self-Propelled Gun / Tank Destroyer
Crew	4 (Commander, Gunner, Loader, Driver)
First Prototype	April 1945
Armement principal	100 mm D-10S gun
Armement secondaire	12.7 mm DShK anti-aircraft machine gun
Frontal Armor	120 mm (sloped at 55 degrees)
Groupe motopropulseur	V-44 diesel (500 hp)
Top Speed	54 km/h (33.5 mph)

A Masterclass in Ballistic Protection

Rear-Mounted Casemate: By moving the fighting compartment to the rear, the designers were able to shorten the overall length of the vehicle significantly. This improved the weight distribution and allowed the heavy 100mm (or 122mm on the Su-102) gun to be mounted with minimal overhang.
Extreme Sloped Armor: The Su-101 featured armor plates sloped at aggressive angles. Its 120mm frontal plate was effectively much thicker against incoming kinetic energy shells, making it nearly invulnerable to the German 88mm PaK 43 from the front.
Engine-Forward Protection: Like the modern Israeli Merkava, the engine was placed at the front. This provided an additional layer of mechanical « armor » for the crew sitting in the rear compartment.
Low Silhouette: Despite the powerful gun, the vehicle stood only 2.1 meters high, making it an exceptionally difficult target to spot and hit in an ambush.

Lla « Oven » Problem

The Heat Issue: The most significant flaw of the Su-101 was the heat. Because the engine was directly in front of the crew with poor ventilation, the interior temperatures became unbearable during summer testing, sometimes reaching 50°C (122°F).
Cramped Fighting Compartment: The rear-mounted design and low profile left very little room for the crew. Working the large 100mm shells in such a tight space was exhausting and dangerous during rapid fire.
The Su-102 Variant: A second prototype, the Su-102, was built using a massive 122mm D-25S gun. The recoil of this gun proved to be so violent for the light T-44 chassis that it caused structural concerns.
Post-War Fate: By the time the issues were being ironed out, the war was over and the T-54 tank was entering production. The T-54’s rotating turret offered similar firepower with much more versatility, rendering the fixed-casemate Su-101 obsolete. The only surviving prototype is now a star attraction at the **Kubinka Tank Museum**.