Su-101 우랄마시 | |
|---|---|
| 국가 | 소련 |
| 역할 | 자주포 (프로토 타입) |
| 설계 | 1944-1945 |
Tthe Uralmash-1 (우랄 마시-1) (Уралмаш-1)은 제 2 차 세계 대전 중에 개발 된 소련의 프로토 타입 자주포입니다. 1944년 가을부터 1945년 봄까지 예카테린부르크에 본사를 둔 Uralmash Design Bureau(UZTM)가 설계한 포탑이 없는 궤도 장갑 전투 차량이었습니다. T-44 중형전차의 차체를 사용했으며, 1944년 말에 붉은 군대에 투입된 SU-100을 대체하기 위한 것이었다. 1945 년 초에 무장이 다른 Uralmash-1의 두 프로토 타입이 제작되었으며, 하나는 100mm D-10 탱크 건으로, 다른 하나는 122mm D-25S 탱크 건으로 제작되었습니다. 처음에는 대량 생산이 권장되었지만 1945 년 5 월 독일과의 전쟁이 끝나면서 결국 필요성 부족으로 프로젝트가 취소되었습니다. Uralmash-1이 취역했다면 100mm 변형은 SU-101 (СУ-101)로 지정되었을 것이고 122mm 변형은 SU-102 (СУ-102)로 지정되었을 것입니다.
| Su-101 “Uralmash” Walk Around | |
|---|---|
| 사진 작가 | 블라디미르 쿠빈카 갑옷 박물관 |
| 로컬라이제이션 | Unknow |
| 사진 | 29 |
| SU-101 Uralmash 탱크 구축함 산책 | |
|---|---|
| 사진 작가 | Unknow |
| 로컬라이제이션 | |
| 사진 | 32 |
참고 항목:
The “Last Word” in Tank Hunting
Tthe SU-101 (also known as the Uralmash-1) was an experimental Soviet self-propelled gun developed at the very end of WWII. Based on the chassis of the T-44 tank, it was designed to replace the Su-100. Its most radical feature was the rear-mounted casemate, a complete reversal of Soviet design tradition. This layout was intended to solve the “long-nose” problem of previous tank destroyers, where the gun barrel often stuck out so far it would dig into the ground or hit obstacles during maneuvers.
| Attribute | Technical Specification (Su-101) |
|---|---|
| 역할 | Self-Propelled Gun / Tank Destroyer |
| 승무원 | 4 (Commander, Gunner, Loader, Driver) |
| First Prototype | April 1945 |
| 주무장 | 100 mm D-10S gun |
| 보조 무장 | 12.7 mm DShK anti-aircraft machine gun |
| Frontal Armor | 120 mm (sloped at 55 degrees) |
| 동력 장치 | V-44 diesel (500 hp) |
| Top Speed | 54 km/h (33.5 mph) |
A Masterclass in Ballistic Protection
- Rear-Mounted Casemate: By moving the fighting compartment to the rear, the designers were able to shorten the overall length of the vehicle significantly. This improved the weight distribution and allowed the heavy 100mm (or 122mm on the Su-102) gun to be mounted with minimal overhang.
- Extreme Sloped Armor: The Su-101 featured armor plates sloped at aggressive angles. Its 120mm frontal plate was effectively much thicker against incoming kinetic energy shells, making it nearly invulnerable to the German 88mm PaK 43 from the front.
- Engine-Forward Protection: Like the modern Israeli Merkava, the engine was placed at the front. This provided an additional layer of mechanical “armor” for the crew sitting in the rear compartment.
- Low Silhouette: Despite the powerful gun, the vehicle stood only 2.1 meters high, making it an exceptionally difficult target to spot and hit in an ambush.
The “Oven” Problem
- The Heat Issue: The most significant flaw of the Su-101 was the heat. Because the engine was directly in front of the crew with poor ventilation, the interior temperatures became unbearable during summer testing, sometimes reaching 50°C (122°F).
- Cramped Fighting Compartment: The rear-mounted design and low profile left very little room for the crew. Working the large 100mm shells in such a tight space was exhausting and dangerous during rapid fire.
- The Su-102 Variant: A second prototype, the Su-102, was built using a massive 122mm D-25S gun. The recoil of this gun proved to be so violent for the light T-44 chassis that it caused structural concerns.
- Post-War Fate: By the time the issues were being ironed out, the war was over and the T-54 tank was entering production. The T-54’s rotating turret offered similar firepower with much more versatility, rendering the fixed-casemate Su-101 obsolete. The only surviving prototype is now a star attraction at the **Kubinka Tank Museum**.
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