Su-101 Uralmash

Su-101 Uralmash
Land	Sovjetunionen
Rolle	Selvkørende kanon (prototype)
Designet	1944-1945

Den Uralmash-1 (Уралмаш-1) var en sovjetisk prototype selvkørende kanon udviklet under 2. verdenskrig. Det var et tårnløst, bæltebeklædt pansret kampkøretøj designet af det Jekaterinburg-baserede Uralmash designbureau (UZTM) mellem efteråret 1944 og foråret 1945. Den brugte chassiset fra den mellemstore kampvogn T-44 og var beregnet til at erstatte SU-100, som først var gået i tjeneste i den Røde Hær i slutningen af 1944. To prototyper af Uralmash-1 med forskellig bevæbning blev bygget i begyndelsen af 1945, den ene med 100 mm D-10 kampvognskanonen, den anden med 122 mm D-25S kampvognskanonen. Mens masseproduktion oprindeligt blev anbefalet, førte afslutningen af krigen med Tyskland i maj 1945 til sidst til at projektet blev aflyst på grund af manglende nødvendighed. Hvis Uralmash-1 var kommet i brug, ville 100 mm varianten have fået betegnelsen SU-101 (СУ-101), mens 122 mm varianten ville have fået betegnelsen SU-102 (СУ-102), i overensstemmelse med den sovjetiske militære nomenklatur, hvor "SU"-mærket stod for Samokhodnaya Ustanovka, eller selvkørende kanon.

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Su-101 “Uralmash” Walk Around
Fotografer	Vladimir Kubinka Rustningsmuseum
Lokalisering	Unknow
Billeder	29

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SU-101 Uralmash Tank Destroyer Gå rundt
Fotografer	Unknow
Lokalisering
Billeder	32

SU-101 Uralmash Tank Destroyer Gå rundt

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Wait, Su-101 Uralmash for you…

The “Last Word” in Tank Hunting

Den Su-101 (also known as the Uralmash-1) was an experimental Soviet self-propelled gun developed at the very end of WWII. Based on the chassis of the T-44 tank, it was designed to replace the Su-100. Its most radical feature was the rear-mounted casemate, a complete reversal of Soviet design tradition. This layout was intended to solve the “long-nose” problem of previous tank destroyers, where the gun barrel often stuck out so far it would dig into the ground or hit obstacles during maneuvers.

Attribute	Technical Specification (Su-101)
Rolle	Self-Propelled Gun / Tank Destroyer
Besætning	4 (Commander, Gunner, Loader, Driver)
First Prototype	April 1945
Main Armament	100 mm D-10S gun
Secondary Armament	12.7 mm DShK anti-aircraft machine gun
Frontal Armor	120 mm (sloped at 55 degrees)
Kraftværk	V-44 diesel (500 hp)
Top Speed	54 km/h (33.5 mph)

A Masterclass in Ballistic Protection

Rear-Mounted Casemate: By moving the fighting compartment to the rear, the designers were able to shorten the overall length of the vehicle significantly. This improved the weight distribution and allowed the heavy 100mm (or 122mm on the Su-102) gun to be mounted with minimal overhang.
Extreme Sloped Armor: The Su-101 featured armor plates sloped at aggressive angles. Its 120mm frontal plate was effectively much thicker against incoming kinetic energy shells, making it nearly invulnerable to the German 88mm PaK 43 from the front.
Engine-Forward Protection: Like the modern Israeli Merkava, the engine was placed at the front. This provided an additional layer of mechanical “armor” for the crew sitting in the rear compartment.
Low Silhouette: Despite the powerful gun, the vehicle stood only 2.1 meters high, making it an exceptionally difficult target to spot and hit in an ambush.

The “Oven” Problem

The Heat Issue: The most significant flaw of the Su-101 was the heat. Because the engine was directly in front of the crew with poor ventilation, the interior temperatures became unbearable during summer testing, sometimes reaching 50°C (122°F).
Cramped Fighting Compartment: The rear-mounted design and low profile left very little room for the crew. Working the large 100mm shells in such a tight space was exhausting and dangerous during rapid fire.
The Su-102 Variant: A second prototype, the Su-102, was built using a massive 122mm D-25S gun. The recoil of this gun proved to be so violent for the light T-44 chassis that it caused structural concerns.
Post-War Fate: By the time the issues were being ironed out, the war was over and the T-54 tank was entering production. The T-54’s rotating turret offered similar firepower with much more versatility, rendering the fixed-casemate Su-101 obsolete. The only surviving prototype is now a star attraction at the **Kubinka Tank Museum**.