Hawker Siddeley Harrier

Hawker Siddeley Harrier
Krajiny	Uk
Úlohu	Lietadlo V/STOL na pozemný útok
Prvý let	28. december 1967
Postavený	278

Komisia Hawker Siddeley Harrier, vyvinutý v roku 1960, bol prvý zo série lietadiel Harrier Jump Jet. Bolo to prvé operačné podporné a prieskumné stíhacie lietadlo s vertikálnymi/krátkymi schopnosťami vzletu a pristátia (V/STOL) a jediný skutočne úspešný návrh V/STOL mnohých, ktoré vznikli v tej dobe. Harrier bol vyvinutý priamo z prototypu lietadla Hawker Siddeley Kestrel po zrušení pokročilejšieho nadzvukového lietadla Hawker Siddeley P.1154. Britské kráľovské letectvo (RAF) objednalo varianty Harrier GR.1 a GR.3 koncom 60. V 70-tych rokoch bol vyvezený do Spojených štátov amerických ako AV-8A na použitie námornými zbormi USA (USMC).

Zdrojový: Hawker Siddeley Harrier na Wikipédii

Hawker Siddeley Harrier Walk Around
Fotografov	Luc Colin
Lokalizácia	Letecké múzeum Yorkshire
Viktor K.2 XL231	Lusty Lindy, v Yorkshire Air Museum v Yorku. Prototyp konverzie B.2 na K.2. XL231 je jedným z dvoch víťazov, ktorí sú v súčasnosti v rolovateľnom stave
Fotografie	108

Harrier GR.3 01

Harrier GR.3 02

Harrier GR.3 03

Harrier GR.3 04

Harrier GR.3 05

Harrier GR.3 06

Harrier GR.3 07

Harrier GR.3 08

Harrier GR.3 09

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Harrier II RAF GR.7 Walk Around
Fotograf	Cees Hendriks
Lokalizácia	Neznáme
Fotografie	45

Harrier T.4 trainer Walk Around
Fotograf	Cees Hendriks
Lokalizácia	Neznáme
Harrier T.4	Dvojmiestna výcviková verzia pre Kráľovské letectvo, ekvivalentná GR.3, s motorom Pegasus Mk 103, laserovým hľadačom a radarovým výstražným prijímačom. Návrat na krátku plutvu s jedným sedadlom
Fotografie	150

Tréner Harrier T.4

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AV-8A Harrier Walk Around
Fotograf	Howard Mason
Lokalizácia	Neznáme
Fotografie	72

AV-8A Harrier

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Harrier GR.3 Walk Around
Fotograf	Michael Benolkin
Lokalizácia	Neznáme
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Hawker-Siddeley AV-8A ‘Harrier’ Walk Around
Fotograf	Neznáme
Lokalizácia
Fotografie	28

Hawker-Siddeley AV-8A "Harrier"

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Defying Gravity

Komisia Hawker Siddeley Harrier (the “Harrier GR.1/GR.3”) was a revolutionary feat of British engineering. Developed from the P.1127 experimental aircraft, it was the only V/STOL (Vertical/Short Take-Off and Landing) design to reach full operational status during the Cold War. Designed to operate from forest clearings and hidden roads if airfields were destroyed by nuclear strikes, the Harrier used “vectored thrust” to take off vertically like a helicopter but fly with the speed of a frontline jet fighter.

Attribute	Technical Specification (Harrier GR.3)
Úlohu	V/STOL Ground Attack / Reconnaissance
Posádky	1 (Pilot)
First Flight (Harrier)	December 28, 1967
Pohonná jednotka	1 × Rolls-Royce Pegasus 103 turbofan
Thrust	21,500 lbf (95.6 kN)
Maximálna rýchlosť	730 mph (1,176 km/h / Mach 0.95)
Combat Radius	200 miles (370 km) in lo-lo-lo profile
Výzbroj	2 × 30mm ADEN cannons; 2 × AIM-9 Sidewinders; up to 5,000 lbs of bombs/rockets

Mastering the Hover

Vectored Thrust Nozzles: The heart of the Harrier is the Pegasus engine, which has four rotating nozzles. By moving a single lever in the cockpit, the pilot can angle the exhaust from fully rearward (for forward flight) to fully downward (for hover).
Reaction Control System (RCS): When hovering, traditional flight surfaces (ailerons/rudders) are useless because there is no airflow over them. The Harrier uses small “puffer ducts” in the nose, tail, and wingtips that bleed air from the engine to steer the plane.
The “Outrigger” Gear: Because the engine and nozzles occupy the center of the fuselage, the Harrier uses a unique bicycle-style landing gear with two main wheels under the body and two small “outrigger” wheels at the wingtips.
VIFFing: Pilots discovered they could “Vector In Forward Flight” (VIFFing). By slightly rotating the nozzles downward during a dogfight, the Harrier could suddenly slow down or change its flight path, forcing an enemy attacker to “overshoot.”

Operational Legend

The Falklands War (1982): The Sea Harrier (naval version) and the RAF’s GR.3 proved the V/STOL concept in combat. Operating from carriers in high seas, they achieved an incredible air-to-air kill ratio against faster Argentine supersonic jets.
Off-Base Operations: During Cold War exercises in Germany, Harriers were famously hidden in camouflaged hides in woods and refueled/rearmed from hidden trucks, proving they didn’t need vulnerable concrete runways.
Global Evolution: The design was so successful that the U.S. Marine Corps adopted it as the AV-8A, eventually leading to the heavily redesigned AV-8B Harrier II.
Retirement: The original British Harriers were retired in 2010 (Navy) and 2011 (RAF), with the F-35B Lightning II eventually taking over the role as the world’s premier STOVL fighter.