Ilyushin Il-28

Ilyushin Il-28
Land	Sovjetunionen
Rolle	Mellem bombefly
Første flyvning	8. juli 1948
Bygget	6635

Den Ilyushin Il-28 (Russisk: Илью́шин Ил-28; NATO-rapporteringsnavn: Beagle) er et jetbombefly fra den umiddelbare efterkrigstid, der oprindeligt blev fremstillet til de sovjetiske luftstyrker. Det var Sovjetunionens første sådanne fly, der kom ind i storskala produktion. Det blev også licensbygget i Kina som Harbin H-5. Den samlede produktion i Sovjetunionen var 6.316 fly, og over 319 H-5'er blev bygget. Kun 187 eksemplarer af HJ-5 træningsvarianten blev fremstillet. I 1990'erne forblev hundredvis i tjeneste med forskellige luftvåben over 50 år efter, at Il-28 først dukkede op. De eneste H-5'er, der er i drift i øjeblikket, er cirka 80 fly, der opererer med det koreanske folks luftvåben. Il-28 har USAF/DoD-rapporteringsnavnet "Type 27" og NATO-rapporteringsnavnet "Beagle", mens Il-28U-trænervarianten har USAF/DoD-rapporteringsnavnet "Type 30" og NATO-rapporteringsnavnet Mascot.

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Iliushin Il-28 Walk Around
Fotograf	Janusz Swiatlon
Lokalisering	Unknow
Billeder	26

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Se også:

Ilyushin Il-28 Beagle Light Attack Bomber by Yefim Gordon & Dmitriy Komissarov (170 Pages – 2003)

General Characteristics and Role

The Ilyushin Il-28 (NATO reporting name: Beagle) was the first mass-produced Soviet jet bomber, serving as a critical aircraft for the Soviet Air Force and many Warsaw Pact and allied nations throughout the Cold War. Designed immediately after World War II, it was a robust, simple, and high-performance aircraft for its era, known for its conventional and highly effective layout. It pioneered the use of jet power in tactical bombing, reconnaissance, and training roles for the Soviet bloc. It saw extensive operational use globally, most notably during the Cuban Missile Crisis and various conflicts in the Middle East and Asia.

Property	Typical Value (Il-28 Standard Bomber)
Rolle	Tactical Bomber / Light Bomber
National Origin	Soviet Union (USSR)
Producent	Ilyushin Design Bureau
First Flight	8. juli 1948
Besætning	3 (Pilot, Navigator/Bombardier, Gunner/Radio Operator)
Længde	17.65 m (57 ft 11 in)
Vingefang	21.45 m (70 ft 4 in)
Højde	6.70 m (22 ft 0 in)
Maximum Takeoff Weight	Approx. 21,200 kg (46,740 lb)

Powerplant and Performance

Engines: Two Klimov VK-1 (Soviet copy of the Rolls-Royce Nene) centrifugal flow turbojet engines.
Thrust (Each): 26.5 kN (5,955 lbf).
Maximum Speed: 900 km/h (560 mph; 490 knots) at 4,500 m (14,800 ft).
Cruise Speed: 700 km/h (435 mph; 380 knots).
Ferry Range: 2,180 km (1,350 mi).
Service Ceiling: 12,500 m (41,000 ft).
Landing Gear: Tricycle configuration; unique feature of the main gear retracting into the engine nacelles.

Armament and Variants

Internal Armament:
- Forward: 2 x 23 mm Nudelman-Rikhter NR-23 cannon (located under the nose, 100 rounds/gun).
- Rear: 2 x 23 mm NR-23 cannons (in a tail turret, usually electrically powered and remotely aimed by the gunner).
Bomb Load: Carried internally in a central bomb bay.
- Normal Load: 1,000 kg (2,200 lb).
- Maximum Load: 3,000 kg (6,600 lb) (e.g., twelve 100 kg bombs).
- Special Munitions: Capable of carrying a tactical nuclear bomb in some variants.
Major Variants:
- Il-28U: Unarmed trainer variant (NATO: Mascot).
- Il-28R: Reconnaissance variant with additional fuel, cameras, and a modified nose.
- Il-28T: Torpedo bomber variant (naval).
Chinese Production: License-built in China as the Harbin H-5, which remained in service for decades longer than the original Soviet model.