Heinkel He 219 | |
|---|---|
| Državi | Nacistična Nemčija |
| Vlogo | Nočni borec |
| Prvi let | 6. novembra 1942 |
| Zgrajena | 300 |
V Heinkel He 219 Uhu ("Orel-sova") je bil nočni lovec, ki je služil z nemško Luftwaffe v poznejših fazah druge svetovne vojne. Razmeroma prefinjen dizajn, He 219 je imel različne inovacije, vključno z naprednim radarjem za prestrezanje VHF-pasov Lichtenstein SN-2, ki se uporablja tudi na nočnih lovcih Ju 88G in Bf 110G. To je bilo tudi prvo operativno vojaško letalo, opremljeno z izmetnimi sedeži in prvim delujočim nemškim letalom iz obdobja druge svetovne vojne s podvozjem za tricikle. Če bi bil Uhu na voljo v količini, bi to lahko pomembno vplivalo na strateško nočno bombardiranje Kraljevih letalskih sil; Toda do konca vojne je bilo izdelanih le 294 vseh modelov, ki so imeli le omejeno storitev. Ernst-Wilhelm Modrow je bil vodilni nočni lovski as na He 219. Modrow je bil zaslužen za 33 od 34 nočnih zračnih zmag na tipu.
| Heinkel He 219 A-2 Uhu hodi naokoli | |
|---|---|
| Fotograf | Cees Hendriks |
| Lokalizacijo | Neznano |
| Fotografije | 65 |
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The Scourge of the Night Bombers
V Heinkel He 219 Uhu was arguably the finest night fighter produced during World War II. It was a sophisticated, purpose-built hunter designed to intercept the RAF’s heavy bomber streams. On its very first combat mission in June 1943, the prototype shot down five Lancaster bombers in a single night. Despite its incredible performance and the desperate need for such a defender, the “Uhu” suffered from political infighting within the Luftwaffe leadership, which severely limited its production numbers.
| Attribute | Technical Specification (He 219 A-7) |
|---|---|
| Vlogo | Night Fighter |
| Posadke | 2 (Pilot and Radar Operator) |
| First Flight | November 6, 1942 |
| Powerplant | 2 × Daimler-Benz DB 603G inverted V-12 |
| Horsepower | 1,750 hp (1,305 kW) per engine |
| Maximum Speed | 416 mph (670 km/h) |
| Radar | FuG 220 Lichtenstein SN-2 |
| Oborožitev | Up to 6 × 20mm or 30mm cannons (including Schräge Musik) |
A Masterclass in High-Tech Design
- The First Ejection Seats: The He 219 was the first operational aircraft in the world to be equipped with compressed-air ejection seats for both crew members, ensuring they could escape the high-speed aircraft in an emergency.
- Tricycle Landing Gear: Rare for German designs of the time, the Uhu featured a nose-wheel configuration. This gave the pilot excellent visibility while taxiing and made landings much safer at the high speeds required by its heavy wing loading.
- “Schräge Musik” (Slanted Music): The He 219 frequently carried two 30mm MK 108 cannons mounted behind the cockpit, firing upward at a 65-degree angle. This allowed the pilot to fly underneath a bomber—where its gunners couldn’t see him—and fire directly into the fuel tanks.
- Advanced Radar Array: The nose was dominated by the “antlers” of the Lichtenstein radar. The FAW.7 version featured the SN-2 array, which was resistant to the “Window” (chaff) dropped by British bombers to confuse German sensors.
Operational Excellence & Rarity
- The Mosquito Hunter: The He 219 was one of the few German aircraft fast enough and agile enough at high altitude to consistently intercept and shoot down the elusive de Havilland Mosquito.
- Modular Armament: The “Waffenträger” (Weapon Carrier) tray beneath the fuselage allowed armorers to quickly swap out cannon configurations, letting the aircraft be tailored for different mission types in minutes.
- The “Uhu” Legacy: Only about 294 were built before the end of the war. After the conflict, both the US and UK captured surviving airframes for intense study, as its cockpit ergonomics and sensor integration were years ahead of their time.
- The Sole Survivor: Today, only one He 219 exists. It was painstakingly restored and is now on display at the **Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center** in the United States.
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