Northrop X-4 Bantam

Northrop X-4 Bantam
Kraju	Stany Zjednoczone Ameryki
Roli	Prototyp samolotu bezogonowego
Pierwszy lot	15 grudnia 1948
Zbudowany	2

Tthe Northrop X-4 Bantam był prototypem małego samolotu dwuodrzutowego wyprodukowanego przez Northrop Corporation w 1948 roku. Nie miał poziomych powierzchni ogonowych, zamiast tego polegał na połączonych powierzchniach sterowych windy i lotek (zwanych elevonami) do kontroli w położeniu pitch and roll, prawie dokładnie w stylu podobnego formatu, napędzanego rakietami Messerschmitt Me 163 nazistowskiej Luftwaffe. Niektórzy aerodynamicy zaproponowali, że wyeliminowanie usterzenia poziomego zlikwidowałoby również problemy ze stabilnością przy dużych prędkościach (zwane przeciągnięciem uderzeniowym) wynikające z interakcji naddźwiękowych fal uderzeniowych ze skrzydeł i stateczników poziomych. Pomysł miał zalety, ale ówczesne systemy kontroli lotu uniemożliwiły X-4 jakikolwiek sukces.

Źródła: Northrop X-4 Bantam na Wikipedii

Northrop X-4 Bantam Walk Aroundd
Photographers	John Heck, Randy Ray
Localisation	National Museum of the USAF
Photos	50

Northrop X-4 Bantam 01

Northrop X-4 Bantam 02

Northrop X-4 Bantam 04

Northrop X-4 Bantam 03

Northrop X-4 Bantam 05

Northrop X-4 Bantam 06

Northrop X-4 Bantam 07

Northrop X-4 Bantam 08

Northrop X-4 Bantam 09

Click on a photo and use the mouse scroll to view all photos

Czekać, wyszukiwanie Northrop X-4 Bantam dla ciebie...

Zobacz też:

General Characteristics and Role

The Northrop X-4 Bantam was an experimental jet aircraft developed for the U.S. Air Force and the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA, the precursor to NASA) in the late 1940s. Its primary role was to investigate the aerodynamic properties of a tailless aircraft design at transonic speeds (speeds approaching the speed of sound, or Mach 1). It utilized a semi-tailless configuration, meaning it lacked a horizontal tail stabilizer but retained small vertical fins. The tailless design was believed to reduce the shock waves and control issues experienced by conventional aircraft as they approached the sound barrier. The Bantam was built as a small, swept-wing jet to minimize costs and complexity during the high-risk transonic research phase.

Property	Typical Value (X-4)
Roli	Experimental Aircraft (Transonic Stability Research)
National Origin	Stany Zjednoczone
Producent	Northrop Corporation
First Flight	15 grudnia 1948
Załogi	1 Pilot
Wing Sweep	35 degrees
Długość	7.01 m (23 ft 0 in)
Rozpiętość	8.23 m (27 ft 0 in)
Wysokość	4.52 m (14 ft 10 in)	Gross Weight	3,524 kg (7,770 lb)

Powerplant and Flight Controls

Engine: 2 x Westinghouse J30 turbojet engines.
Thrust (Total): Approximately 1,600 lbf (7.1 kN).
Maximum Speed: 1,032 km/h (641 mph, or approx. Mach 0.85).
Control Surfaces: All control was handled by elevons (control surfaces that combine the functions of elevators and ailerons) on the trailing edge of the wing, and twin vertical rudders.
Stability Issue: Testing confirmed that while the X-4 was stable at low speeds, it experienced severe longitudinal stability issues when flying faster than Mach 0.88, leading to a tendency to pitch up and lose control.

Program Outcome and Legacy

Test Program: The X-4 completed 81 research flights at the NACA Muroc Flight Test Unit (later Edwards AFB).
Discovery: The program proved that a simple tailless design was unsuitable for sustained transonic flight due to the poor stability characteristics encountered.
Influence: This finding was crucial, convincing designers to use a conventional horizontal stabilizer (tailplane) or the all-moving stabilator on high-speed jets, which became the standard design for supersonic aircraft.
Preservation: Both prototypes built are preserved: one (46-676) is at the U.S. Air Force Museum in Ohio, and the other (46-677) is at the National Museum of Nuclear Science & History in New Mexico.

Widoki : 1978