Northrop JB-1 Bat | |
|---|---|
| 국가 | 미국 |
| 역할 | 프로토 타입 제트 동력 비행 날개 |
| 첫 번째 비행 | 1943년 8월 27일 |
| 내장 | Unknow |
Tthe 노스롭 JB-1 "박쥐"는 프로토 타입 제트 동력 비행 날개 인 미국의 표면 간 순항 미사일이었습니다. 미국 육군 공군 MX-543 프로그램은 프랭크 휘틀의 제트 엔진 (General Electric J31)의 라이센스 제작 버전을 사용하기 위해 1942 년 9 월에 시작되었습니다. Northrop Corporation은 1943 년 말에 계약을 맺었으며 10 개의 JB-1 기체 만 제작되었습니다. 유인 버전은 로저스 드라이 레이크 (Rogers Dry Lake)의 "August 27, 1943"에서 제 1 비행을 위해 견인되었으며 글라이더 버전은 로켓 추진 썰매에서 발사되어 1944 년 12 월에 추락했습니다. 날개 길이가 28피트 4인치(8.64m)인 즉석 제너럴 일렉트릭 B-1 터보제트로 구동되는 무인 JB-1은 1944년 12월 7일 플로리다 주 에글린 필드의 산타 로사 섬에서 1차 비행을 했고, 철도 발사기에서 400야드를 추락시켰다.
| Northrop JB-1 Bat Walk Around | |
|---|---|
| Photographer | Vladimir Yakubov |
| Localisation | Western Museum of Flight, Torrance |
| Photos | 40 |
참고 항목:
General Characteristics and Role
The Northrop JB-1 Bat was an experimental, unpiloted pulse-jet powered flying wing missile developed by the United States during World War II, based heavily on aerodynamic work done by the German Horten brothers. Its development was part of the United States Army Air Forces’ (USAAF) Jet-Propelled Missile program (JB). The JB-1’s design was highly unconventional, utilizing a pure flying wing configuration with twin rudders and a very clean aerodynamic profile. It was intended as a short-range surface-to-surface cruise missile that could carry a massive warhead (comparable to the German V-1 flying bomb). The project was ultimately terminated due to propulsion issues and the end of the war, but it significantly contributed to Northrop’s pioneering work on tailless aircraft.
| Property | Typical Value (JB-1) |
|---|---|
| 역할 | Experimental Cruise Missile / Flying Bomb |
| National Origin | 미국 |
| 제조업체 | Northrop Aircraft |
| First Flight (Glider) | August 1944 |
| 승무원 | 0 (Unmanned) |
| Guidance | Preset gyro-pilot system |
| Warhead | Approximately 900 kg (2,000 lb) |
| 길이 | 4.37 m (14 ft 4 in) |
| 윙스 팬 | 9.14 m (30 ft 0 in) |
| Launch Weight | 3,175 kg (7,000 lb) |
Propulsion and Launch Method
- Engine: 2 x General Electric BQ-7 (pulse-jet engines).
- Thrust (Total): Approximately 4.45 kN (1,000 lbf).
- Maximum Speed: Designed for high subsonic speeds.
- Launch Method: The JB-1 was designed to be launched from a rocket-powered sled running on a fixed railway track, similar to the method used for the German V-1 missile.
- Propulsion Issues: Initial tests with the pulse-jets were unsuccessful due to performance and reliability problems, leading to a modified glide-only prototype being tested first.
Legacy and Further Development
- Pilot Modification: After the failure of the pulse-jet system, the design was briefly converted into a piloted glider (designated JB-1A) for aerodynamic testing, including a side-by-side cockpit, which helped validate the flying wing concept.
- Follow-on: The JB-1 project provided valuable data that directly influenced Northrop’s later, larger flying wing aircraft, such as the XB-35 and YB-49 bombers, and eventually the B-2 Spirit stealth bomber.
- Termination: The program was cancelled shortly after the end of the war, as the need for the short-range missile rapidly diminished, allowing resources to be shifted to long-range missile and bomber programs.
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