Northrop JB-1 Bat

Northrop JB-1 Bat
Land	Usa
Roll	Prototyp jetdriven flygande vinge
Första flugan	27 augusti 1943
Byggd	Unknow

Den Northrop JB-1 "Bat" var en amerikansk yt-till-yta kryssningsmissil som var en prototyp jetdriven flygvinge. United States Army Air Forces MX-543-programmet initierades i september 1942 för att använda licensbyggda versioner av Frank Whittles jetmotor (General Electric J31). Northrop Corporation kontrakterades i slutet av 1943, och endast 10 JB-1-flygplan byggdes. En bemannad version bogserades för den 1: a flygningen den "27 augusti 1943" från Rogers Dry Lake och en segelflygplanversion lanserades från en raketdriven släde och kraschade i december 1944. En obemannad JB-1 som drivs av en improviserad General Electric B-1 turbojet med ett vingspann på 28 fot 4 tum (8.64 m) gjorde sin första flygning från Eglin Fields Santa Rosa Island, Florida, den 7 december 1944 och kraschade 400 meter från järnvägslanseringen.

Källkod: Northrop JB-1 Bat på Wikipedia

Northrop JB-1 Bat Walk Around
Photographer	Vladimir Yakubov
Localisation	Western Museum of Flight, Torrance
Photos	40

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General Characteristics and Role

The Northrop JB-1 Bat was an experimental, unpiloted pulse-jet powered flying wing missile developed by the United States during World War II, based heavily on aerodynamic work done by the German Horten brothers. Its development was part of the United States Army Air Forces’ (USAAF) Jet-Propelled Missile program (JB). The JB-1’s design was highly unconventional, utilizing a pure flying wing configuration with twin rudders and a very clean aerodynamic profile. It was intended as a short-range surface-to-surface cruise missile that could carry a massive warhead (comparable to the German V-1 flying bomb). The project was ultimately terminated due to propulsion issues and the end of the war, but it significantly contributed to Northrop’s pioneering work on tailless aircraft.

Property	Typical Value (JB-1)
Roll	Experimental Cruise Missile / Flying Bomb
National Origin	USA
Tillverkare	Northrop Aircraft
First Flight (Glider)	August 1944
besättning	0 (Unmanned)
Guidance	Preset gyro-pilot system
Warhead	Approximately 900 kg (2,000 lb)
längd	4.37 m (14 ft 4 in)
Spännvidd	9.14 m (30 ft 0 in)
Launch Weight	3,175 kg (7,000 lb)

Propulsion and Launch Method

Engine: 2 x General Electric BQ-7 (pulse-jet engines).
Thrust (Total): Approximately 4.45 kN (1,000 lbf).
Maximum Speed: Designed for high subsonic speeds.
Launch Method: The JB-1 was designed to be launched from a rocket-powered sled running on a fixed railway track, similar to the method used for the German V-1 missile.
Propulsion Issues: Initial tests with the pulse-jets were unsuccessful due to performance and reliability problems, leading to a modified glide-only prototype being tested first.

Legacy and Further Development

Pilot Modification: After the failure of the pulse-jet system, the design was briefly converted into a piloted glider (designated JB-1A) for aerodynamic testing, including a side-by-side cockpit, which helped validate the flying wing concept.
Follow-on: The JB-1 project provided valuable data that directly influenced Northrop’s later, larger flying wing aircraft, such as the XB-35 and YB-49 bombers, and eventually the B-2 Spirit stealth bomber.
Termination: The program was cancelled shortly after the end of the war, as the need for the short-range missile rapidly diminished, allowing resources to be shifted to long-range missile and bomber programs.

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