Gloster Meteo | |
|---|---|
| Land | Uk |
| Rolle | Kampfly |
| Første flyvning | 5. marts 1943 |
| Bygget | 3947 |
Den Gloster Meteor var den første britiske jetjager og de allieredes eneste jetfly, der opnåede kampoperationer under Anden Verdenskrig. Meteors udvikling var stærkt afhængig af sine banebrydende turbojetmotorer, der blev pioneret af Sir Frank Whittle og hans firma, Power Jets Ltd. Udviklingen af flyet begyndte i 1940, selvom arbejdet med motorerne havde været i gang siden 1936. Meteor fløj første gang i 1943 og begyndte operationer den 27. juli 1944 med No. 616 Squadron RAF. Meteor var ikke et sofistikeret fly i sin aerodynamik, men viste sig at være en succesrig kampfighter. Glosters civile Meteor F.4-demonstrant G-AIDC fra 1946 var det første civilt registrerede jetfly i verden
Kilde: Gloster Meteor på Wikipedia
| Gloster Meteor Mk.4 Gå rundt | |
|---|---|
| Fotografer | Cees Hendriks |
| Lokalisering | Unknow |
| Billeder | 106 |
| Gloster Meteor Mk.4 Walk Around | |
|---|---|
| Fotograf | Unknow |
| Lokalisering | Unknow |
| Billeder | 38 |
| Gloster Meteor F8 Walk Around | |
|---|---|
| Fotografer | Ian Kaiser and Matt Gannon |
| Lokalisering | Temora Luftfartsmuseum |
| Billeder | 101 |
| Gloster Meteor F8 Walk Around | |
|---|---|
| Fotografer | Unknow |
| Lokalisering | Unknow |
| Billeder | 25 |
Se også:
| Gloster Meteor F9-40 N Walk Around | |
|---|---|
| Fotografer | Unknow |
| Lokalisering | Unknow |
| Billeder | 27 |
The Refined First-Generation Jet
Den Gloster Meteor F.4 was the first major post-war evolution of the UK’s (and the Allies’) only operational WWII jet fighter. While the earlier Mk.1 and Mk.3 models were pioneering but underpowered, the F.4 introduced the significantly more powerful Derwent 5 engines. This variant transformed the Meteor from a curiosity into a world-class interceptor, boasting a climb rate and top speed that briefly made it the fastest aircraft on the planet.
| Attribute | Technical Specification (Meteor F.4) |
|---|---|
| Rolle | Fighter Interceptor |
| Besætning | 1 (Pilot) |
| Indførelsen | 1947 |
| Kraftværk | 2 × Rolls-Royce Derwent 5 centrifugal-flow turbojets |
| Thrust | 3,500 lbf (15.6 kN) per engine |
| Maximum Speed | 585 mph (941 km/h) at sea level |
| Rate of Climb | 7,350 ft/min (at sea level) |
| Bevæbning | 4 × 20mm Hispano Mk.V cannons (nose-mounted) |
Design Innovations: Power and Stability
- The “Clipped” Wings: Early F.4s had long wings like the Mk.3, but the increased speed caused structural stress and heavy aileron control. Designers “clipped” the wingtips by nearly 3 feet each. This improved the roll rate and structural integrity, though it slightly increased the landing speed.
- Derwent 5 Engines: These were essentially scaled-down versions of the massive Nene engine. Their increased thrust allowed the Meteor F.4 to set two world speed records in 1945 and 1946, eventually reaching 616 mph in the famous “EE549” aircraft.
- Pressurized Cockpit: The F.4 was the first Meteor variant to offer a fully pressurized cockpit as standard, allowing pilots to operate comfortably at the high altitudes where jet engines are most efficient.
- Extended Engine Nacelles: To reduce aerodynamic drag at high speeds, the engine cowlings (nacelles) were lengthened. This “long-nacelle” look became the classic silhouette for the remainder of the Meteor’s production life.
Global Reach and Legacy
- Export Success: The F.4 was a massive export hit for Gloster. It served in the air forces of Argentina, Belgium, Denmark, Egypt, the Netherlands, and Norway, making it one of the most widely used early jet fighters in the world.
- The Argentine Dispute: Argentina was a major operator of the F.4; their Meteors saw combat during internal uprisings in the 1950s, marking some of the earliest jet combat in South America.
- The T.7 Trainer: The F.4 airframe was so successful that it served as the basis for the Meteor T.7, a two-seat trainer version that taught a generation of pilots how to handle the unique challenges of jet flight.
- Structural Limits: While incredibly fast for its time, the F.4 was still a straight-wing design. It suffered from “compressibility” issues as it approached the speed of sound, which eventually led to its replacement by swept-wing fighters like the Hawker Hunter.
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