Northrop JB-1 Bat

Northrop JB-1 Bat
Državi	Zda
Vlogo	Prototip letečega krila z jet-powered
Prva muha	27. avgust 1943
Zgrajena	Neznano

V Northrop JB-1 "Bat" je bila raketa za križarjenje od površine do površine ZDA, ki je bila prototip letečega krila na letalo. Air Forces MX-543 je bil program Združenih držav Amerike začel septembra 1942 za uporabo licenčno zgrajene različice Frank Whittle jet motor (General Electric J31). Korporacija Northrop je bila sklenjena pozno leta 1943, zgrajenih pa je bilo le 10 letal JB-1. Za 1. let na "27. avgust 1943" je bila vlečna različica s posadko iz Rogers Dry Lakea in izstrelila je jadralno različico z raketnega pogona in strmoglavila decembra 1944. Brezpilotni JB-1, ki ga je napajal improvizirani turboreaktivni motor General Electric B-1 s razponom kril 28 metrov 4 inči (8,64 m), je 7. decembra 1944 poletal z otoka Santa Rosa na Floridi v Eglin Fieldu in strmoglavil 400 metrov od železniškega raketostrelca.

Vir: Northrop JB-1 Bat na Wikipediji

Northrop JB-1 Bat Walk Around
Photographer	Vladimir Yakubov
Localisation	Western Museum of Flight, Torrance
Photos	40

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Northrop JB-1 Bat 10

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General Characteristics and Role

The Northrop JB-1 Bat was an experimental, unpiloted pulse-jet powered flying wing missile developed by the United States during World War II, based heavily on aerodynamic work done by the German Horten brothers. Its development was part of the United States Army Air Forces’ (USAAF) Jet-Propelled Missile program (JB). The JB-1’s design was highly unconventional, utilizing a pure flying wing configuration with twin rudders and a very clean aerodynamic profile. It was intended as a short-range surface-to-surface cruise missile that could carry a massive warhead (comparable to the German V-1 flying bomb). The project was ultimately terminated due to propulsion issues and the end of the war, but it significantly contributed to Northrop’s pioneering work on tailless aircraft.

Property	Typical Value (JB-1)
Vlogo	Experimental Cruise Missile / Flying Bomb
National Origin	Združene države Amerike
proizvajalec	Northrop Aircraft
First Flight (Glider)	August 1944
Posadke	0 (Unmanned)
Guidance	Preset gyro-pilot system
Warhead	Approximately 900 kg (2,000 lb)
Dolžina	4.37 m (14 ft 4 in)
Peruti	9.14 m (30 ft 0 in)
Launch Weight	3,175 kg (7,000 lb)

Propulsion and Launch Method

Engine: 2 x General Electric BQ-7 (pulse-jet engines).
Thrust (Total): Approximately 4.45 kN (1,000 lbf).
Maximum Speed: Designed for high subsonic speeds.
Launch Method: The JB-1 was designed to be launched from a rocket-powered sled running on a fixed railway track, similar to the method used for the German V-1 missile.
Propulsion Issues: Initial tests with the pulse-jets were unsuccessful due to performance and reliability problems, leading to a modified glide-only prototype being tested first.

Legacy and Further Development

Pilot Modification: After the failure of the pulse-jet system, the design was briefly converted into a piloted glider (designated JB-1A) for aerodynamic testing, including a side-by-side cockpit, which helped validate the flying wing concept.
Follow-on: The JB-1 project provided valuable data that directly influenced Northrop’s later, larger flying wing aircraft, such as the XB-35 and YB-49 bombers, and eventually the B-2 Spirit stealth bomber.
Termination: The program was cancelled shortly after the end of the war, as the need for the short-range missile rapidly diminished, allowing resources to be shifted to long-range missile and bomber programs.

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