"Northrop JB-1 Bat" - nuotraukos ir vaizdo įrašai

Northrop JB-1 Bat
Šalies	Jav
Vaidmenį	Reaktyvinio lėktuvo varomo skraidančio sparno prototipas
Pirmasis skristi	1943 m. rugpjūčio 27 d.
Pastatytas	Nežinoti

2007 Northrop JB-1 "Šikšnosparnis" buvo Jungtinių Valstijų sparnuotoji raketa "nuo paviršiaus iki paviršiaus", kuri buvo reaktyvinio lėktuvo varomo skraidančio sparno prototipas. Jungtinių Valstijų armijos oro pajėgų MX-543 programa buvo inicijuota 1942 m. Rugsėjo mėn., Siekiant naudoti licencijuotas Franko Whittle'o reaktyvinio variklio (General Electric J31) versijas. "Northrop Corporation" buvo sudaryta sutartis 1943 m. Pabaigoje, ir buvo pastatyta tik 10 JB-1 lėktuvų korpusų. Pilotuojama versija buvo velkama 1-ajam skrydžiui "1943 m. rugpjūčio 27 d." iš Rogerso sauso ežero, o sklandytuvo versija buvo paleista iš raketomis varomų rogių ir sudužo 1944 m. Gruodžio mėn. Nepilotuojamas JB-1, varomas improvizuoto "General Electric B-1" turboreaktyvinio lėktuvo, kurio sparno ilgis yra 28 pėdos 4 coliai (8,64 m), 1944 m. gruodžio 7 d. atliko 1-ąjį skrydį iš Eglin Field Santa Rosa salos, Floridoje, ir sudužo 400 jardų nuo geležinkelio paleidimo įrenginio.

Šaltinis: Northrop JB-1 šikšnosparnis Vikipedijoje

Northrop JB-1 Bat Walk Around
Photographer	Vladimir Yakubov
Localisation	Western Museum of Flight, Torrance
Photos	40

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General Characteristics and Role

The Northrop JB-1 Bat was an experimental, unpiloted pulse-jet powered flying wing missile developed by the United States during World War II, based heavily on aerodynamic work done by the German Horten brothers. Its development was part of the United States Army Air Forces’ (USAAF) Jet-Propelled Missile program (JB). The JB-1’s design was highly unconventional, utilizing a pure flying wing configuration with twin rudders and a very clean aerodynamic profile. It was intended as a short-range surface-to-surface cruise missile that could carry a massive warhead (comparable to the German V-1 flying bomb). The project was ultimately terminated due to propulsion issues and the end of the war, but it significantly contributed to Northrop’s pioneering work on tailless aircraft.

Property	Typical Value (JB-1)
Vaidmenį	Experimental Cruise Missile / Flying Bomb
National Origin	Jungtinės Amerikos Valstijos
Gamintojas	Northrop Aircraft
First Flight (Glider)	August 1944
Įgulos	0 (Unmanned)
Guidance	Preset gyro-pilot system
Warhead	Approximately 900 kg (2,000 lb)
Ilgis	4.37 m (14 ft 4 in)
Sparnų ilgis	9.14 m (30 ft 0 in)
Launch Weight	3,175 kg (7,000 lb)

Propulsion and Launch Method

Engine: 2 x General Electric BQ-7 (pulse-jet engines).
Thrust (Total): Approximately 4.45 kN (1,000 lbf).
Maximum Speed: Designed for high subsonic speeds.
Launch Method: The JB-1 was designed to be launched from a rocket-powered sled running on a fixed railway track, similar to the method used for the German V-1 missile.
Propulsion Issues: Initial tests with the pulse-jets were unsuccessful due to performance and reliability problems, leading to a modified glide-only prototype being tested first.

Legacy and Further Development

Pilot Modification: After the failure of the pulse-jet system, the design was briefly converted into a piloted glider (designated JB-1A) for aerodynamic testing, including a side-by-side cockpit, which helped validate the flying wing concept.
Follow-on: The JB-1 project provided valuable data that directly influenced Northrop’s later, larger flying wing aircraft, such as the XB-35 and YB-49 bombers, and eventually the B-2 Spirit stealth bomber.
Termination: The program was cancelled shortly after the end of the war, as the need for the short-range missile rapidly diminished, allowing resources to be shifted to long-range missile and bomber programs.