North American B-45 Tornado

North American B-45 Tornado
국가	미국
역할	제트 폭격기
첫 비행	1947년 2월 24일
내장	143

Tthe 북미 B-45 토네이도 미국 공군 (USAF)의 첫 번째 작전 제트 폭격기였으며 세계 최초의 멀티 제트 엔진 폭격기가 중공에서 연료를 보급했습니다. B-45는 1950년대 초에 몇 년 동안 미국의 핵 억지력에서 중요한 부분이었지만, 곧 보잉 B-47 스트라토제트로 대체되었다. B-45와 RB-45는 1950년부터 1959년까지 미국 공군의 전략 공군 사령부에서 복무했다.

소스: 위키에 북미 B-45C 토네이도

North American B-45C Tornado
사진 작가	존 헥
로컬라이제이션	USAF 국립 박물관
사진	26

North American B-45C Tornado 01

North American B-45C Tornado 02

North American B-45C Tornado 03

North American B-45C Tornado 04

North American B-45C Tornado 05

North American B-45C Tornado 06

North American B-45C Tornado 07

North American B-45C Tornado 08

North American B-45C Tornado 09

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잠깐, 북미 B-45 토네이도 사진 검색 중...

커피 사줘

North American B-45A-1-NA Tornado Walk Around
사진 작가	블라디미르 야쿠보프
로컬라이제이션	캐슬 에어 뮤지엄, 앳워터
사진	121

북미 B-45A-1-NA 토네이도

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참고 항목:

North American RB-45C Tornado Walk Around
사진 작가	랜디 레이와 존 헥
로컬라이제이션	전략적 항공 우주 박물관
사진	109

북미 RB-45C 토네이도

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B-45C Tornado Walk Around
사진 작가	Stephen Muth
로컬라이제이션	Unknow
사진	54

B-45C 토네이도

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B-45C Tornado Walk Around
사진 작가	Howard Mason
로컬라이제이션	Unknow
사진	19

B-45C 토네이도

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잠깐, 북미 B-45 토네이도 사진 검색 중...

A Bridge Between Eras

Tthe 북미 B-45 토네이도 holds the distinction of being the first jet-powered bomber to enter service with the U.S. Air Force and the first to carry a nuclear weapon. Developed at the tail end of WWII, it was a transition aircraft—pairing a traditional, straight-wing bomber layout with the revolutionary new power of four turbojets. While it was quickly overshadowed by the swept-wing B-47 Stratojet, the Tornado proved vital during the early Cold War as a nuclear deterrent and a high-altitude reconnaissance platform.

Attribute	Technical Specification (B-45A)
역할	Light/Medium Bomber & Reconnaissance
승무원	4 (Pilot, Co-Pilot, Bombardier-Navigator, Tail Gunner)
First Flight	March 17, 1947
동력 장치	4 × General Electric J47-GE-13 turbojets
Thrust	5,200 lbf (23 kN) per engine
최대 속도	566 mph (911 km/h)
Service Ceiling	46,000 ft (14,000 m)
군비	2 × .50 cal M3 machine guns (tail); Up to 22,000 lbs of bombs

Design Engineering: Twin Nacelles and Nuclear Adapters

Twin Engine Nacelles: To keep the wing “clean,” North American paired the four engines into two large pods. This design provided significant thrust but concentrated a massive amount of weight on the straight wing, which limited the aircraft’s top speed compared to later swept-wing designs.
The Bomb Bay: The B-45 was designed with a massive internal bomb bay. Because early nuclear weapons (like the Mark 5) were so large, the B-45 had to be retrofitted with specialized “Silverplate” style modifications to carry and release them.
Direct Vision Cockpit: Unlike the fighter-style bubble canopies of the later B-47, the B-45 featured a traditional “greenhouse” nose for the bombardier, reflecting its design heritage from WWII heavy bombers like the B-25 Mitchell.
High-Speed Stability: The B-45 was noted for its exceptionally smooth flight characteristics at high altitudes, making it an ideal platform for the precision required in aerial photography and early electronic intelligence (ELINT).

Combat History: The Secret Spy of the RAF

The Korean War: While not used for heavy bombing in Korea due to the success of the B-29, the RB-45C (reconnaissance version) flew dangerous missions over the peninsula, relying on its speed to evade North Korean MiGs—though it eventually required escort.
Operation Ju-jitsu: In one of the most secretive chapters of the Cold War, the Royal Air Force (RAF) “borrowed” B-45s from the USAF. Since US pilots were forbidden from overflying the Soviet Union, British crews in US markings flew daring deep-penetration night reconnaissance missions over Soviet territory to map radar defenses.
Nuclear Pioneer: The B-45 was the first jet capable of mid-air refueling, a capability that allowed it to reach targets deep within Eastern Europe from bases in the United Kingdom.
Rapid Obsolescence: The Tornado’s career was short. By 1959, the much faster and longer-ranged B-47 Stratojet had completely replaced it in the bomber role, though the RB-45C reconnaissance models served slightly longer.