ノースアメリカン B-45 トルネード - 写真 & ビデオ

North American B-45 Tornado
国	米国
役割	ジェット爆撃機
初飛行	1947年2月24日
構築	143

ザ 北アメリカのB-45トルネード ●アメリカ空軍(USAF)初の運用ジェット爆撃機で、世界で初めて空中で給油されたマルチジェットエンジン爆撃機でした。B-45は1950年代初頭に数年間、米国の核抑止力の重要な一部であったが、すぐにボーイングB-47ストラトジェットに取って代わられた。B-45とRB-45は1950年から1959年までアメリカ空軍の戦略航空司令部に従軍しました。

ソース：ウィキの北アメリカB-45Cトルネード

North American B-45C Tornado
カメラマン	ジョン・ヘック
ローカライズ	アメリカ国立博物館
写真	26

North American B-45C Tornado 01

North American B-45C Tornado 02

North American B-45C Tornado 03

North American B-45C Tornado 04

North American B-45C Tornado 05

North American B-45C Tornado 06

North American B-45C Tornado 07

North American B-45C Tornado 08

North American B-45C Tornado 09

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North American B-45A-1-NA Tornado Walk Around
カメラマン	ウラジーミル・ヤクボフ
ローカライズ	キャッスルエアミュージアムアトウォーター
写真	121

ノースアメリカン B-45A-1-NA 竜巻

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North American RB-45C Tornado Walk Around
カメラマン	ランディ・レイとジョン・ヘック
ローカライズ	戦略航空宇宙博物館
写真	109

B-45C Tornado Walk Around
カメラマン	Stephen Muth
ローカライズ	知りません
写真	54

B-45C Tornado Walk Around
カメラマン	Howard Mason
ローカライズ	知りません
写真	19

A Bridge Between Eras

ザ 北アメリカのB-45トルネード holds the distinction of being the first jet-powered bomber to enter service with the U.S. Air Force and the first to carry a nuclear weapon. Developed at the tail end of WWII, it was a transition aircraft—pairing a traditional, straight-wing bomber layout with the revolutionary new power of four turbojets. While it was quickly overshadowed by the swept-wing B-47 Stratojet, the Tornado proved vital during the early Cold War as a nuclear deterrent and a high-altitude reconnaissance platform.

Attribute	Technical Specification (B-45A)
役割	Light/Medium Bomber & Reconnaissance
乗組員	4 (Pilot, Co-Pilot, Bombardier-Navigator, Tail Gunner)
First Flight	March 17, 1947
パワープラント	4 × General Electric J47-GE-13 turbojets
Thrust	5,200 lbf (23 kN) per engine
最高速度	566 mph (911 km/h)
Service Ceiling	46,000 ft (14,000 m)
武装	2 × .50 cal M3 machine guns (tail); Up to 22,000 lbs of bombs

Design Engineering: Twin Nacelles and Nuclear Adapters

Twin Engine Nacelles: To keep the wing “clean,” North American paired the four engines into two large pods. This design provided significant thrust but concentrated a massive amount of weight on the straight wing, which limited the aircraft’s top speed compared to later swept-wing designs.
The Bomb Bay: The B-45 was designed with a massive internal bomb bay. Because early nuclear weapons (like the Mark 5) were so large, the B-45 had to be retrofitted with specialized “Silverplate” style modifications to carry and release them.
Direct Vision Cockpit: Unlike the fighter-style bubble canopies of the later B-47, the B-45 featured a traditional “greenhouse” nose for the bombardier, reflecting its design heritage from WWII heavy bombers like the B-25 Mitchell.
High-Speed Stability: The B-45 was noted for its exceptionally smooth flight characteristics at high altitudes, making it an ideal platform for the precision required in aerial photography and early electronic intelligence (ELINT).

Combat History: The Secret Spy of the RAF

The Korean War: While not used for heavy bombing in Korea due to the success of the B-29, the RB-45C (reconnaissance version) flew dangerous missions over the peninsula, relying on its speed to evade North Korean MiGs—though it eventually required escort.
Operation Ju-jitsu: In one of the most secretive chapters of the Cold War, the Royal Air Force (RAF) “borrowed” B-45s from the USAF. Since US pilots were forbidden from overflying the Soviet Union, British crews in US markings flew daring deep-penetration night reconnaissance missions over Soviet territory to map radar defenses.
Nuclear Pioneer: The B-45 was the first jet capable of mid-air refueling, a capability that allowed it to reach targets deep within Eastern Europe from bases in the United Kingdom.
Rapid Obsolescence: The Tornado’s career was short. By 1959, the much faster and longer-ranged B-47 Stratojet had completely replaced it in the bomber role, though the RB-45C reconnaissance models served slightly longer.