Grumman F3F

Grumman F3F
Pays	Usa
Rôle	Chasseur
Premier vol	20 mars 1935
Construit	147

Lla Grumman F3F était le dernier avion de chasse biplan américain livré à l’United States Navy (en fait, le dernier chasseur biplan livré à un bras aérien militaire américain), et a servi entre les deux guerres. Conçu comme une amélioration par rapport au monoplace F2F, il entre en service en 1936. Il a été retiré des escadrons de première ligne à la fin de 1941 avant de pouvoir servir pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, et a d’abord été remplacé par le Brewster F2A Buffalo. Le F3F qui a hérité de la configuration de train d’atterrissage principal rétractable conçue par Leroy Grumman pour la première fois utilisée sur le Grumman FF a servi de base à une conception biplan finalement développée pour en faire le F4F Wildcat beaucoup plus réussi.

Source: Grumman F3F sur Wikipédia

Grumman F3F-3 Se promener
Photographes	Cees Hendriks
Localisation	Inconnu
Photos	40

Grumman F3F-3 01

Grumman F3F-3 02

Grumman F3F-3 03

Grumman F3F-3 04

Grumman F3F-3 05

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Grumman F3F-3 07

Grumman F3F-3 08

Grumman F3F-3 09

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Grumman F3F-2 Walk Around
Photographe	Fotios Rouch
Localisation	Inconnu
Photos	30

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The End of an Era

Lla Grumman F3F-3 represents the absolute zenith of biplane fighter technology for the U.S. Navy. Often called the « Flying Barrel » due to its short, tubby fuselage, it was designed to cram the most powerful engine possible into the smallest airframe. While the world was moving toward monoplanes like the Messerschmitt Bf 109, the F3F-3 remained the fleet’s premier interceptor until 1941. It was the last biplane fighter ever ordered by the U.S. military, serving as the final bridge before the arrival of the legendary monoplane « Cats. »

Attribute	Technical Specification (F3F-3)
Rôle	Carrier-based Fighter
Crew	1 (Pilot)
First Flight (F3F series)	March 20, 1935
Groupe motopropulseur	1 × Wright R-1820-22 « Cyclone » 9-cylinder radial
Horsepower	950 hp (708 kW)
Vitesse maximale	264 mph (425 km/h)
Rate of Climb	2,750 ft/min (14 m/s)
Armement	1 × .30 cal M1919 Browning; 1 × .50 cal M2 Browning

Engineering a « Super Biplane »

Retractable Landing Gear: Like its predecessor, the F2F, the F3F featured Grumman’s signature manual retractable gear. The wheels tucked flush into the sides of the fuselage, a complex mechanism that required the pilot to vigorously crank a hand-lever 28 times.
Lla « NACA » Cowling: The F3F-3 utilized an advanced NACA engine cowling that helped streamline the bulky radial engine while simultaneously improving cooling, allowing for the higher speeds necessary to keep up with early monoplanes.
All-Metal Fuselage: While the wings were still fabric-covered over a metal frame to save weight, the fuselage was a modern aluminum monocoque structure, providing the « Iron Works » durability Grumman was becoming known for.
Short-Coupled Maneuverability: Because of its short length and dual-wing lift, the F3F-3 was incredibly agile in a dogfight, possessing a turn radius that most modern monoplanes could never hope to match.

Pre-War Service & Legacy

« Yellow Wings » Era: The F3F-3 is the iconic representative of the « Golden Age » of naval aviation, characterized by bright yellow upper wings (for visibility in case of a ditching) and colorful tail markings indicating the aircraft’s carrier and squadron.
The Last of its Kind: Only 27 of the « -3 » variant were built. They were the last biplanes delivered to the Navy, and by the time Pearl Harbor was attacked, they had been relegated to training roles as the F4F Wildcat took over the front lines.
The Wildcat Connection: If you look closely at the F3F, you can see the « DNA » de la F4F Wildcat. Grumman essentially took the F3F fuselage, removed the second wing, and strengthened the gear to create the G-16, which eventually evolved into the Wildcat.
The Gulfhawk: A civilian version, the G-22 Gulfhawk II, was flown by legendary pilot Al Williams for major airshows. It is now a center-piece at the National Air and Space Museum.