Northrop JB-1 Bat

Northrop JB-1 Bat
Riik	USA
Rolli	Reaktiivmootoriga lendava tiiva prototüüp
Esimene lend	27. august 1943
Ehitatud	Teadmata

2007 Northrop JB-1 "Nahkhiir" oli Ameerika Ühendriikide pind-maa tiibraketti, mis oli reaktiivmootoriga lendava tiiva prototüüp. Ameerika Ühendriikide armee õhujõudude MX-543 programm algatati 1942. aasta septembris, et kasutada Frank Whittle'i reaktiivmootori (General Electric J31) litsentsiga ehitatud versioone. Northrop Corporationiga sõlmiti leping 1943. aasta lõpus ja ehitati ainult 10 JB-1 lennukit. Mehitatud versioon pukseeriti 1. lennuks "27. augustil 1943" Rogers Dry Lake'ist ja purilennukiversioon lasti välja rakettmootoriga kelgust ja kukkus alla 1944. aasta detsembris. Mehitamata JB-1, mille jõuallikaks oli improviseeritud General Electric B-1 turboreaktiivlennuk, mille tiibade siruulatus oli 28 jalga 4 tolli (8,64 m), tegi 7. detsembril 1944 Floridas Eglin Fieldi Santa Rosa saarelt esimese lennu ja kukkus alla 400 meetri kaugusel raudtee kanderaketist.

Allikas: Northrop JB-1 nahkhiir Vikipeedias

Northrop JB-1 Bat Walk Around
Photographer	Vladimir Yakubov
Localisation	Western Museum of Flight, Torrance
Photos	40

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Northrop JB-1 Bat 10

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General Characteristics and Role

The Northrop JB-1 Bat was an experimental, unpiloted pulse-jet powered flying wing missile developed by the United States during World War II, based heavily on aerodynamic work done by the German Horten brothers. Its development was part of the United States Army Air Forces’ (USAAF) Jet-Propelled Missile program (JB). The JB-1’s design was highly unconventional, utilizing a pure flying wing configuration with twin rudders and a very clean aerodynamic profile. It was intended as a short-range surface-to-surface cruise missile that could carry a massive warhead (comparable to the German V-1 flying bomb). The project was ultimately terminated due to propulsion issues and the end of the war, but it significantly contributed to Northrop’s pioneering work on tailless aircraft.

Property	Typical Value (JB-1)
Rolli	Experimental Cruise Missile / Flying Bomb
National Origin	Ameerika Ühendriigid
Tootja	Northrop Aircraft
First Flight (Glider)	August 1944
Meeskonna	0 (Unmanned)
Guidance	Preset gyro-pilot system
Warhead	Approximately 900 kg (2,000 lb)
pikkus	4.37 m (14 ft 4 in)
Tiibade siruulatus	9.14 m (30 ft 0 in)
Launch Weight	3,175 kg (7,000 lb)

Propulsion and Launch Method

Engine: 2 x General Electric BQ-7 (pulse-jet engines).
Thrust (Total): Approximately 4.45 kN (1,000 lbf).
Maximum Speed: Designed for high subsonic speeds.
Launch Method: The JB-1 was designed to be launched from a rocket-powered sled running on a fixed railway track, similar to the method used for the German V-1 missile.
Propulsion Issues: Initial tests with the pulse-jets were unsuccessful due to performance and reliability problems, leading to a modified glide-only prototype being tested first.

Legacy and Further Development

Pilot Modification: After the failure of the pulse-jet system, the design was briefly converted into a piloted glider (designated JB-1A) for aerodynamic testing, including a side-by-side cockpit, which helped validate the flying wing concept.
Follow-on: The JB-1 project provided valuable data that directly influenced Northrop’s later, larger flying wing aircraft, such as the XB-35 and YB-49 bombers, and eventually the B-2 Spirit stealth bomber.
Termination: The program was cancelled shortly after the end of the war, as the need for the short-range missile rapidly diminished, allowing resources to be shifted to long-range missile and bomber programs.

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