Heinkel He 162 A Salamander | |
|---|---|
| Land | Nazityskland |
| Rolle | Jetjager |
| Første flyvning | 6. december 1944 |
| Bygget | 320 |
Den Heinkel He 162 Volksjäger (tysk, "People's Fighter"), navnet på et projekt i Emergency Fighter Program designkonkurrence, var et tysk enmotoret, jetdrevet jagerfly opstillet af Luftwaffe i Anden Verdenskrig. Designet og bygget hurtigt og primært lavet af træ, da metaller var en meget mangelvare og prioriteret til andre fly, var He 162 ikke desto mindre den hurtigste af den første generation af aksemagter og allierede jetfly. Volksjäger var Rigsluftministeriets officielle navn for regeringens designprogramkonkurrence, der blev vundet af He 162-designet. Andre navne givet til flyet omfatter Salamander, som var kodenavnet for dets byggeprogram, og Spatz ("Sparrow"), som var navnet givet til flyet af Heinkel.
| Heinkel He 162 Salamander | |
|---|---|
| Fotografer | Cees Hendriks |
| Lokalisering | Unknow |
| Billeder | 81 |
| Heinkel HE-162 Salamander Walk Around | |
|---|---|
| Fotograf | Bill Maloney |
| Lokalisering | Vinger af Eagles Museum |
| Billeder | 42 |
Se også:
| Heinkel He 162A-1 Volksjager Walk Around | |
|---|---|
| Fotograf | Unknow |
| Lokalisering | Unknow |
| Billeder | 31 |
| Heinkel He162A-1 Volksjager Walk Around | |
|---|---|
| Fotograf | Don Allen |
| Lokalisering | Unknow |
| Billeder | 45 |
| Heinkel HE-162 Walk Around | |
|---|---|
| Fotograf | Unknow |
| Lokalisering | Unknow |
| Billeder | 24 |
| Heinkel He-162A-2 Walk Around | |
|---|---|
| Fotograf | Vojtech Peterka |
| Lokalisering | Unknow |
| Billeder | 14 |
The Emergency Fighter
Den Heinkel He 162 was the result of the “Emergency Fighter Program” initiated in late 1944. As Allied bombers devastated German industry, the Luftwaffe needed a jet that was cheap, used non-strategic materials (like wood), and was easy to fly for Hitler Youth pilots with minimal training. Remarkably, the aircraft went from a wooden mockup to its first flight in only 90 days. While it was aerodynamically advanced and extremely fast, it was also dangerous to fly due to its sensitive handling and the poor quality of the glues used in its wooden construction.
| Attribute | Technical Specification (He 162 A-2) |
|---|---|
| Rolle | Interceptor / Emergency Fighter |
| Besætning | 1 (Pilot) |
| First Flight | December 6, 1944 |
| Kraftværk | 1 × BMW 003E-1 turbojet |
| Thrust | 1,760 lbf (7.8 kN) |
| Maximum Speed | 562 mph (905 km/h) at 20,000 ft |
| Endurance | 30 minutes (approximate) |
| Bevæbning | 2 × 20mm MG 151/20 cannons |
Radical Engineering in a Hurry
- Dorsal Engine Mount: To simplify the fuel system and protect the engine from debris on rough runways, the BMW 003 jet was mounted directly on top of the fuselage. This required a twin-fin “H-tail” to allow the exhaust gases to pass between the rudders.
- Wooden Construction: The wings were made entirely of wood, as was the nose and various fairings. In a famous incident during the first flight, the acidic “Tego film” glue ate through the wooden wing structure, leading to a catastrophic structural failure.
- Ejection Seat: Despite being a “budget” fighter, the He 162 was one of the first operational aircraft to feature a Heinkel-designed ejection seat, powered by an explosive cartridge, because the pilot could not safely bail out through the top-mounted engine intake.
- The “Salamander” Mystery: “Salamander” was the codename for the wing construction project, while the aircraft itself was officially the Spatz (Sparrow) or Volksjäger.
Brief Combat and Capture
- Operational Units: Only one unit, JG 1, was fully equipped with the He 162 before the war ended. They claimed a handful of victories, but the aircraft’s short fuel endurance and landing gear issues caused more losses than enemy fire.
- The British Assessment: After the war, British test pilot Eric “Winkle” Brown flew the He 162 and described it as having “the best all-round view” and being a “delightful” aerobatic platform, though he warned it was “unforgiving” if mishandled.
- Aerodynamic Innovations: The wings featured distinctive turned-down “drooped” tips (Lippisch-style), which were intended to improve stability and prevent the aircraft from rolling unexpectedly at high speeds.
- Survivors: Because so many were built (approx. 320), several exist today. Notable examples are at the RAF Museum London, the Smithsonian, and the Musée de l’Air et de l’Espace in France.
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