Heinkel He 162 - Фото и Видео

Heinkel He 162 A Salamander
Страны	Нацистская Германия
Роль	Истребитель
Первый полет	6 декабря 1944 года
Построен	320

Teh Хейнкель Он 162 Фольксьегер (немецкий, «Народный истребитель»), название проекта конкурса по разработке программы аварийных истребителей, был немецкий одномоторный реактивный истребитель, на борту которого был Люфтваффе во время Второй мировой войны. Разработанный и построенный быстро, и сделал в основном из дерева, как металлы были в очень дефиците и приоритеты для других самолетов, Он 162, тем не менее, самый быстрый из первого поколения оси и союзных самолетов. Фольксьегер был официальным названием Министерства авиации рейха для конкурса правительственной программы дизайна, выигранного дизайном He 162. Другие имена, данные самолету, включают Саламандер, который был кодовым названием его строительной программы, и Спац ("Воробей"), которое было имя, данное самолету Heinkel.

Источник: Heinkel He 162 Саламандер в Википедии

Heinkel He 162 Salamander
Фотографов	Сес Хендрикс
Локализации	Неизвестная
Фотографии	81

Heinkel He 162 A Salamander 01

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Heinkel HE-162 Salamander Walk Around
Фотограф	Bill Maloney
Локализации	Музей «Крылья орлов»
Фотографии	42

Heinkel He 162A-1 Volksjager Walk Around
Фотограф	Неизвестная
Локализации	Неизвестная
Фотографии	31

Heinkel He162A-1 Volksjager Walk Around
Фотограф	Don Allen
Локализации	Неизвестная
Фотографии	45

Heinkel HE-162 Walk Around
Фотограф	Unknow
Локализации	Неизвестная
Фотографии	24

Heinkel He-162A-2 Walk Around
Фотограф	Vojtech Peterka
Локализации	Неизвестная
Фотографии	14

The Emergency Fighter

Teh Хейнкель Он 162 was the result of the “Emergency Fighter Program” initiated in late 1944. As Allied bombers devastated German industry, the Luftwaffe needed a jet that was cheap, used non-strategic materials (like wood), and was easy to fly for Hitler Youth pilots with minimal training. Remarkably, the aircraft went from a wooden mockup to its first flight in only 90 days. While it was aerodynamically advanced and extremely fast, it was also dangerous to fly due to its sensitive handling and the poor quality of the glues used in its wooden construction.

Attribute	Technical Specification (He 162 A-2)
Роль	Interceptor / Emergency Fighter
Экипажа	1 (Pilot)
First Flight	December 6, 1944
Силовая установка	1 × BMW 003E-1 turbojet
Thrust	1,760 lbf (7.8 kN)
Максимальная скорость	562 mph (905 km/h) at 20,000 ft
Endurance	30 minutes (approximate)
Вооружение	2 × 20mm MG 151/20 cannons

Radical Engineering in a Hurry

Dorsal Engine Mount: To simplify the fuel system and protect the engine from debris on rough runways, the BMW 003 jet was mounted directly on top of the fuselage. This required a twin-fin “H-tail” to allow the exhaust gases to pass between the rudders.
Wooden Construction: The wings were made entirely of wood, as was the nose and various fairings. In a famous incident during the first flight, the acidic “Tego film” glue ate through the wooden wing structure, leading to a catastrophic structural failure.
Ejection Seat: Despite being a “budget” fighter, the He 162 was one of the first operational aircraft to feature a Heinkel-designed ejection seat, powered by an explosive cartridge, because the pilot could not safely bail out through the top-mounted engine intake.
The “Salamander” Mystery: “Salamander” was the codename for the wing construction project, while the aircraft itself was officially the Spatz (Sparrow) or Фольксъягер.

Brief Combat and Capture

Operational Units: Only one unit, JG 1, was fully equipped with the He 162 before the war ended. They claimed a handful of victories, but the aircraft’s short fuel endurance and landing gear issues caused more losses than enemy fire.
The British Assessment: After the war, British test pilot Eric “Winkle” Brown flew the He 162 and described it as having “the best all-round view” and being a “delightful” aerobatic platform, though he warned it was “unforgiving” if mishandled.
Aerodynamic Innovations: The wings featured distinctive turned-down “drooped” tips (Lippisch-style), which were intended to improve stability and prevent the aircraft from rolling unexpectedly at high speeds.
Survivors: Because so many were built (approx. 320), several exist today. Notable examples are at the RAF Museum London, the Smithsonian, and the Musée de l’Air et de l’Espace in France.