Kawasaki Ki-61

Kawasaki Ki-61
Šalies	Japonija
Vaidmenį	Naikintuvai
Pirmasis skrydis	1941 m. gruodžio mėn.
Skaičius pastatytas	3075

2007 Kawasaki Ki-61 Hien (飛燕, "skraidanti kregždė") yra Japonijos Antrojo pasaulinio karo naikintuvas, kurį naudoja Japonijos imperijos armijos oro tarnyba. Japonijos armijos pavadinimas buvo "Army Type 3 Fighter" (三式戦闘機). Sąjungininkų žvalgyba iš pradžių manė, kad Ki-61 buvo "Messerschmitt Bf 109s", o vėliau italų "Macchi C.202", dėl kurio sąjungininkų pranešimo pavadinimas "Tony", kurį paskyrė JAV karo departamentas. Tai buvo vienintelis masinės gamybos japonų karo kovotojas, kuris naudojo skysčiu aušinamą "Inline V" variklį. Buvo pagaminta daugiau nei 3 000 Ki-61. Pradiniai prototipai matė veiksmus virš Yokohama per Doolittle reidą balandžio 18 d. 1942 m., Ir toliau vykdė kovines misijas per visą karą.

Šaltinis: Kawasaki Ki-61 on Wiki

Kawasaki Ki-61
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Ki-61 Hien 01

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Ki-61 Hien 03

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Ki-61 Hien 09

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General Characteristics

The Kawasaki Ki-61 Hien (Flying Swallow) was a fighter aircraft used by the Imperial Japanese Army Air Service during World War II. It was designated the “Army Type 3 Fighter” and was notable for being the only mass-produced Japanese fighter of the war to utilize a liquid-cooled inverted V-12 engine, a design unique among its contemporaries which predominantly used air-cooled radial engines. Allied forces initially misidentified the Ki-61 as a German or Italian fighter, assigning it the reporting name “Tony.” Its liquid-cooled engine, relatively high speed, and robust construction (including self-sealing fuel tanks and armor protection) set it apart from other Japanese fighters optimized for pure maneuverability.

Property	Typical Value (Ki-61-I Kai Hei)
Vaidmenį	Single-Seat Fighter / Interceptor
National Origin	Japonija
Gamintojas	Kawasaki Kokuki Kogyo K.K.
First Flight	1941 m. gruodžio mėn.
Service Entry	1943
No. Built	Over 3,000 (all variants)
Įgulos	1 (Pilot)
Ilgis	8.94 m (29 ft 4 in)
Sparnų ilgis	12.00 m (39 ft 4 in)
Max Takeoff Weight	3,470 kg (7,650 lb)

Powerplant and Performance

Engine: 1 x Kawasaki Ha-40 (Army Type 2) inverted V-12 liquid-cooled piston engine (a license-built version of the German Daimler-Benz DB 601A).
Power Output (Ha-40): 877 kW (1,175 hp).
Power Output (Later Ha-140 in Ki-61-II): 1,119 kW (1,500 hp) (though Ha-140 had reliability issues).
Maximum Speed (Ki-61-I at 5,000 m): Approx. 580 km/h (360 mph).
Maximum Speed (Ki-61-II at 6,000 m): Approx. 610 km/h (379 mph).
Service Ceiling: 10,000 m (32,810 ft) (Ki-61-I).
Time to 5,000 m: Approx. 7.0 minutes.

Armament and Variants

Armament Varied Significantly by Sub-Variant:
- Ki-61-I-Ko/Otsu: Early versions typically carried two 12.7 mm Ho-103 machine guns in the fuselage and two 7.7 mm (or later 12.7 mm) machine guns in the wings.
- Ki-61-I Kai Hei: Equipped with two 12.7 mm Ho-103 machine guns in the fuselage and two imported German 20 mm Mauser MG 151 cannons in the wings.
- Ki-61-I Kai Tei/Ki-61-II KAI: Later versions standardized on the Japanese 20 mm Ho-5 cannon (two in the nose, two in the wings) for a significant firepower increase.
External Stores: Could carry two drop tanks (e.g., 200 L) or two 250 kg (550 lb) bombs on wing racks.
Key Development: When the problematic Ha-140 liquid-cooled engine was no longer available due to factory destruction, Kawasaki adapted the airframe to use the reliable Mitsubishi Ha-112 radial engine, creating the highly successful Ki-100 fighter.

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