Kawasaki Ki-61

Kawasaki Ki-61
Země	Japonsko
Roli	Stíhací letouny
První let	prosinec 1941
Počet postavených	3075

Tá Kawasaki Ki-61 Hien (飛燕, "létající vlaštovka") je japonský stíhací letoun používaný japonskou císařskou armádní leteckou službou. Označení japonské armády bylo "Army Type 3 Fighter" (三式戦闘機). Spojenecká rozvědka zpočátku věřila, že Ki-61 jsou Messerschmitt Bf 109s a později italský Macchi C.202, což vedlo ke spojeneckému zpravodajskému jménu "Tony", přidělenému ministerstvem války Spojených států. Byl to jediný sériově vyráběný japonský stíhač války, který použil kapalinou chlazený řadový motor V. Bylo vyrobeno více než 3 000 Ki-61. První prototypy viděly akci nad Jokohamou během náletu Doolittle 18. dubna 1942 a pokračovaly v bojových misích po celou válku.

Zdroj: Kawasaki Ki-61 na Wiki

Kawasaki Ki-61
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General Characteristics

The Kawasaki Ki-61 Hien (Flying Swallow) was a fighter aircraft used by the Imperial Japanese Army Air Service during World War II. It was designated the “Army Type 3 Fighter” and was notable for being the only mass-produced Japanese fighter of the war to utilize a liquid-cooled inverted V-12 engine, a design unique among its contemporaries which predominantly used air-cooled radial engines. Allied forces initially misidentified the Ki-61 as a German or Italian fighter, assigning it the reporting name “Tony.” Its liquid-cooled engine, relatively high speed, and robust construction (including self-sealing fuel tanks and armor protection) set it apart from other Japanese fighters optimized for pure maneuverability.

Property	Typical Value (Ki-61-I Kai Hei)
Roli	Single-Seat Fighter / Interceptor
National Origin	Japonsko
Výrobce	Kawasaki Kokuki Kogyo K.K.
First Flight	prosinec 1941
Service Entry	1943
No. Built	Over 3,000 (all variants)
Posádky	1 (Pilot)
Délka	8.94 m (29 ft 4 in)
Rozpětí křídel	12.00 m (39 ft 4 in)
Max Takeoff Weight	3,470 kg (7,650 lb)

Powerplant and Performance

Engine: 1 x Kawasaki Ha-40 (Army Type 2) inverted V-12 liquid-cooled piston engine (a license-built version of the German Daimler-Benz DB 601A).
Power Output (Ha-40): 877 kW (1,175 hp).
Power Output (Later Ha-140 in Ki-61-II): 1,119 kW (1,500 hp) (though Ha-140 had reliability issues).
Maximum Speed (Ki-61-I at 5,000 m): Approx. 580 km/h (360 mph).
Maximum Speed (Ki-61-II at 6,000 m): Approx. 610 km/h (379 mph).
Service Ceiling: 10,000 m (32,810 ft) (Ki-61-I).
Time to 5,000 m: Approx. 7.0 minutes.

Armament and Variants

Armament Varied Significantly by Sub-Variant:
- Ki-61-I-Ko/Otsu: Early versions typically carried two 12.7 mm Ho-103 machine guns in the fuselage and two 7.7 mm (or later 12.7 mm) machine guns in the wings.
- Ki-61-I Kai Hei: Equipped with two 12.7 mm Ho-103 machine guns in the fuselage and two imported German 20 mm Mauser MG 151 cannons in the wings.
- Ki-61-I Kai Tei/Ki-61-II KAI: Later versions standardized on the Japanese 20 mm Ho-5 cannon (two in the nose, two in the wings) for a significant firepower increase.
External Stores: Could carry two drop tanks (e.g., 200 L) or two 250 kg (550 lb) bombs on wing racks.
Key Development: When the problematic Ha-140 liquid-cooled engine was no longer available due to factory destruction, Kawasaki adapted the airframe to use the reliable Mitsubishi Ha-112 radial engine, creating the highly successful Ki-100 fighter.

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