Boeing X-36

Boeing X-36
Країні	Сша
Роль	Дослідницькі літаки
Перший політ	17 травня 1997 року
Побудований	2

Макдоннелл Дуглас (пізніше Боїнг) Х-36 Безхвостий винищувач Agility Research Aircraft був американським прихованим підмасштабним прототипом реактивного літака, призначеного для польоту без традиційного хвостового вузла, знайденого на більшості літаків. Ця конфігурація була розроблена для зменшення ваги, опору і радіолокаційного перетину, але збільшення дальності, маневреності і живучості.

Джерело: Boeing X-36 у Вікіпедії

Boeing X-36 Walk Around
Photographers	Vladimir Yakubov, John Heck
Localisation	National Museum of the USAF, Dayton
Photos	42

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General Characteristics and Role

The Boeing X-36 Tailless Fighter Agility Research Aircraft was an experimental subscale jet developed by McDonnell Douglas (later Boeing) for NASA and the US Air Force in the mid-1990s. Its primary role was to test the feasibility of a fighter aircraft design that lacked the traditional vertical and horizontal tail surfaces. The X-36 was intended to explore how a tailless configuration could enhance stealth (by reducing radar cross-section) and improve maneuverability, particularly at high angles of attack, compared to conventional fighter jets. It was flown remotely by a pilot in a ground station due to its small size and lack of a cockpit.

Property	Typical Value (X-36)
Роль	Experimental Aircraft (Agility and Stealth Research)
National Origin	США
Виробник	McDonnell Douglas / Boeing
First Flight	17 May 1996
Pilot/Control	Unmanned, remotely controlled from a ground cockpit.
Довжина	5.77 m (18 ft 11 in)
Розмах крил	3.17 m (10 ft 5 in)
зріст	0.95 m (3 ft 1 in)
Max Takeoff Weight	567 kg (1,250 lb)

Powerplant and Flight Controls

Engine: 1 x Williams International F112 turbofan engine.
Thrust: Approx. 3.1 kN (700 lbf).
Top Speed: Estimated at 370 km/h (230 mph).
Flight Control System: Required a highly advanced Digital Fly-By-Wire (DFBW) system to maintain stability, as the aircraft was inherently unstable without tail surfaces.
Control Surfaces: Yaw and pitch control were achieved using canards (foreplanes) and a combination of split ailerons (flaperons) and a thrust-vectoring nozzle on the engine.

Program Outcome and Legacy

Test Program: The X-36 completed a highly successful test program, demonstrating excellent maneuverability with its tailless design. It achieved a total of 31 flights, logging 15 hours of air time.
Success Metric: The program demonstrated that a tailless fighter design could achieve up to a 40% increase in cruising lift and a significant improvement in agility over conventional designs.
Influence: Although the X-36 never led directly to a production aircraft, its successful demonstration of control and stability heavily influenced subsequent low-observable (stealth) aircraft design and DFBW control systems, including possible future unmanned combat air vehicles (UCAVs).
Preservation: Both X-36 prototypes are now preserved: one is at the National Museum of the United States Air Force in Ohio, and the other is at the NASA Dryden Flight Research Center (now Armstrong) in California.