Northrop JB-1 Bat

Northrop JB-1 Bat
Krajiny	Spojené štáty americké
Úlohu	Prototyp lietajúceho krídla poháňaného prúdovým motorom
Prvá muška	27. augusta 1943
Postavený	Neznáme

Komisia Northrop JB-1 "Bat" bola americká riadená strela zem-zem, ktorá bola prototypom prúdového lietajúceho krídla. Program MX-543 armády Spojených štátov amerických bol spustený v septembri 1942 na použitie licenčne vyrobených verzií prúdového motora Franka Whittla (General Electric J31). Spoločnosť Northrop Corporation bola uzatvorená koncom roka 1943 a bolo vyrobených iba 10 drakov JB-1. Pilotovaná verzia bola odtiahnutá na 1. let "27. augusta 1943" zo suchého jazera Rogers a vetroňová verzia bola vypustená z raketových saní a havarovala v decembri 1944. Bezpilotný JB-1 poháňaný improvizovaným prúdovým motorom General Electric B-1 s rozpätím krídel 28 stôp 4 palce (8,64 m) uskutočnil svoj prvý let z ostrova Santa Rosa na Floride v Eglin Field 7. decembra 1944 a havaroval 400 metrov od železničného odpaľovacieho zariadenia.

Zdrojový: Northrop JB-1 Bat na Wikipédii

Northrop JB-1 Bat Walk Around
Photographer	Vladimir Yakubov
Localisation	Western Museum of Flight, Torrance
Photos	40

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General Characteristics and Role

The Northrop JB-1 Bat was an experimental, unpiloted pulse-jet powered flying wing missile developed by the United States during World War II, based heavily on aerodynamic work done by the German Horten brothers. Its development was part of the United States Army Air Forces’ (USAAF) Jet-Propelled Missile program (JB). The JB-1’s design was highly unconventional, utilizing a pure flying wing configuration with twin rudders and a very clean aerodynamic profile. It was intended as a short-range surface-to-surface cruise missile that could carry a massive warhead (comparable to the German V-1 flying bomb). The project was ultimately terminated due to propulsion issues and the end of the war, but it significantly contributed to Northrop’s pioneering work on tailless aircraft.

Property	Typical Value (JB-1)
Úlohu	Experimental Cruise Missile / Flying Bomb
National Origin	Spojené štáty americké
Výrobca	Northrop Aircraft
First Flight (Glider)	August 1944
Posádky	0 (Unmanned)
Guidance	Preset gyro-pilot system
Warhead	Approximately 900 kg (2,000 lb)
Dĺžka	4.37 m (14 ft 4 in)
Rozpätie krídel	9.14 m (30 ft 0 in)
Launch Weight	3,175 kg (7,000 lb)

Propulsion and Launch Method

Engine: 2 x General Electric BQ-7 (pulse-jet engines).
Thrust (Total): Approximately 4.45 kN (1,000 lbf).
Maximum Speed: Designed for high subsonic speeds.
Launch Method: The JB-1 was designed to be launched from a rocket-powered sled running on a fixed railway track, similar to the method used for the German V-1 missile.
Propulsion Issues: Initial tests with the pulse-jets were unsuccessful due to performance and reliability problems, leading to a modified glide-only prototype being tested first.

Legacy and Further Development

Pilot Modification: After the failure of the pulse-jet system, the design was briefly converted into a piloted glider (designated JB-1A) for aerodynamic testing, including a side-by-side cockpit, which helped validate the flying wing concept.
Follow-on: The JB-1 project provided valuable data that directly influenced Northrop’s later, larger flying wing aircraft, such as the XB-35 and YB-49 bombers, and eventually the B-2 Spirit stealth bomber.
Termination: The program was cancelled shortly after the end of the war, as the need for the short-range missile rapidly diminished, allowing resources to be shifted to long-range missile and bomber programs.

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