Dornier Do.335

Dornier Do.335
Land	Nazi-Duitsland
Role	Jachtbommenwerper
Eerste vlucht	26 oktober 1943
Gebouwd	37

De Dornier Do Pfeil ("Arrow") was een zwaar gevechtsvliegtuig uit de Tweede Wereldoorlog, gebouwd door de Dornier company. De tweezits trainerversie werd ook wel Ameisenbär ("miereneter") genoemd. De prestaties van de Pfeil waren veel beter dan andere tweemotorige ontwerpen vanwege de unieke "push-pull" -lay-out en de veel lagere aerodynamische weerstand van de in-line uitlijning van de twee motoren. Het was Duitslands snelste vliegtuig met zuigermotor uit de Tweede Wereldoorlog. De Luftwaffe was wanhopig om het ontwerp operationeel te krijgen, maar vertragingen in de motorleveringen zorgden ervoor dat slechts een handvol werden geleverd voordat de oorlog eindigde.

Bron: Dornier Do.335 op Wikipedia

Dornier Do.335 A-0 Pfeil Rondlopen
Fotograaf	Cees Hendriks
Lokalisatie	Onbewust
Foto 's	67

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Dornier Do 335 A B-2 Pfeil
Fotograaf	Unknow
Lokalisatie	Onbewust
Foto 's	26

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A Radical Approach to Speed

De Dornier Do 335 Pfeil was a revolutionary heavy fighter that defied conventional twin-engine design. By placing the engines in a “push-pull” tandem arrangement—one in the nose and one in the tail—Dornier eliminated the aerodynamic drag associated with wing-mounted nacelles and solved the deadly “asymmetric thrust” issues that plagued traditional twin-engine planes if one engine failed. The result was a massive, incredibly fast aircraft that could outrun almost anything in the sky.

Attribute	Technical Specification (Do 335 A-1)
Role	Heavy Fighter / Fighter-Bomber
Bemanning	1 (A-series) or 2 (M-series night fighter)
First Flight	October 26, 1943
Krachtbron	2 × Daimler-Benz DB 603E inverted V-12s
Horsepower	1,800 hp (1,342 kW) per engine
Maximum Speed	474 mph (763 km/h)
Service Ceiling	37,400 feet (11,400 m)
Bewapening	1 × 30mm MK 103 cannon (engine-mounted); 2 × 20mm MG 151/20 cannons

The “Push-Pull” Innovation

Tandem Engine Layout: The front engine drove a standard tractor propeller, while the rear engine drove a pusher propeller via a long extension shaft. This kept the frontal area small, giving the Do 335 the drag profile of a single-engine fighter despite having double the power.
The Cruciform Tail: To protect the rear propeller during takeoff and landing, the Do 335 featured a unique four-finned “cross” tail. The lower vertical fin acted as a bumper to prevent the propeller from striking the runway if the pilot over-rotated.
Emergency Separation: Because of the rear propeller, a traditional bailout was impossible. The Do 335 featured an ejection seat; before the pilot was launched, explosive bolts would blow off the rear propeller and the top vertical fin to ensure a clear escape path.
Reversible Pitch Propellers: The rear propeller could be adjusted to provide reverse thrust, significantly shortening the landing run for such a heavy and fast aircraft.

Combat Capability & Late Arrival

The “Anteater” (Ameisenbär): The two-seat night fighter version (Do 335 A-6) featured a second, raised cockpit for the radar operator, giving the aircraft a humped appearance that led to its ungraceful nickname.
Heavy Firepower: The 30mm MK 103 cannon fired through the front propeller hub (Motorkanone), providing enough destructive power to down a heavy bomber with just a few hits.
The “Ghost” Interceptions: While the Do 335 never saw major air-to-air combat, several Allied pilots reported seeing a massive, incredibly fast German plane that simply pulled away from them with ease. Famous French ace Pierre Clostermann once attempted to intercept one in a Hawker Tempest, but the “Arrow” outran him before he could get in range.
Preservation: Only one complete Do 335 survives today. Captured by the Americans, it was returned to Germany for restoration in the 1970s before being placed on permanent display at the Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center in Virginia, USA.