Lockheed P-80 Shooting Star | |
|---|---|
| Krajiny | Spojené štáty americké |
| Úlohu | Stíhačka jet |
| Prvý let | 8. januára 1944 |
| Postavený | 1715 |
Komisia Padajúca hviezda Lockheed P-80 bola prvá prúdová stíhačka používaná vzdušnými silami armády Spojených štátov (USAAF). Navrhnuté a vyrobené spoločnosťou Lockheed v roku 1943 a dodané len 143 dní od začiatku procesu návrhu, sériové modely lietali a dva predprodukčné modely videli veľmi obmedzenú službu v Taliansku tesne pred koncom druhej svetovej vojny. Navrhnutý s rovnými krídlami, typ videl rozsiahle boje v Kórei s americkým letectvom (USAF) ako F-80.
Zdrojový: Lockheed P-80 Shooting Star na Wikipédii
| Lockheed P-80 / F-80 Padajúca hviezda chodí okolo | |
|---|---|
| Fotograf | Cees Hendriks |
| Lokalizácia | Neznáme |
| Fotografie | 37 |
| Lockheed F-80C Walk Around | |
|---|---|
| Fotograf | Wright Patterson |
| Lokalizácia | Neznáme |
| Fotografie | 18 |
| Lockheed P-80 Shooting Star Walk Around | |
|---|---|
| Fotograf | Dennis Sparks |
| Lokalizácia | Neznáme |
| Fotografie | 24 |
Pozri tiež:
The Dawn of the Jet Age
Komisia Padajúca hviezda Lockheed P-80 (re-designated F-80 in 1948) was the first jet fighter used operationally by the United States Army Air Forces. Designed by Clarence “Kelly” Johnson and his Skunk Works team in just 143 days, it was a response to the German Me 262. While it arrived too late to see combat in WWII, it became the cornerstone of the early Cold War USAF and participated in the first-ever jet-versus-jet dogfight during the Korean War.
| Attribute | Technical Specification (F-80C) |
|---|---|
| Úlohu | Fighter-Interceptor / Fighter-Bomber |
| Posádky | 1 (Pilot) |
| First Flight | January 8, 1944 |
| Pohonná jednotka | 1 × Allison J33-A-35 centrifugal-flow turbojet |
| Thrust | 5,400 lbf (24 kN) |
| Maximálna rýchlosť | 956 km/h (594 mph) at sea level |
| Výzbroj | 6 × .50 cal (12.7 mm) M3 Browning machine guns (Nose) |
| Payload | 2 × 1,000 lb bombs or 8 × 5-inch rockets |
Design and Engineering Milestones
- Centrifugal-Flow Turbojet: The P-80 utilized the Allison J33, based on the British Whittle design. Unlike modern axial-flow engines, the J33 used a large impeller to compress air, which gave the F-80 its characteristic “fat” mid-section.
- Nose-Concentrated Armament: By placing the six machine guns in the nose rather than the wings, the F-80 eliminated “convergence” issues, allowing for a concentrated stream of fire at any range.
- The “Misery” Fuel Tanks: Early jets had poor range. The F-80 was iconic for its large, teardrop-shaped wingtip fuel tanks. These not only extended range but were found to improve the wing’s aerodynamic efficiency at high speeds.
- Skunk Works Beginning: The P-80 was the project that essentially birthed Lockheed’s “Skunk Works” division, establishing the culture of rapid prototyping and extreme secrecy.
The Korean War & Transition
- The First Jet Dogfight: On November 8, 1950, Lieutenant Russell J. Brown, flying an F-80C, was credited with shooting down a Soviet-built MiG-15—the first victory in jet-versus-jet history.
- Straight vs. Swept Wings: The Korean War quickly proved that the straight-winged F-80 was outmatched in speed by the swept-wing MiG-15. The F-80 was soon shifted to the ground-attack role, where it excelled due to its stability as a gun platform.
- Training Legacy: The F-80 airframe was lengthened to create the T-33 “T-Bird”, which became the most successful jet trainer in history, used by over 40 countries for over half a century.
Pohľady: 4025
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