Lockheed P-80 Shooting Star

Lockheed P-80 Shooting Star
Maa	Yhdysvallat
Rooli	Suihkuhävittäjä
Ensimmäinen lento	8. tammikuuta 1944
Rakennettu	1715

Nniiden Lockheed P-80 tähdenlento oli ensimmäinen Yhdysvaltain armeijan ilmavoimien (USAAF) operatiivisesti käyttämä suihkuhävittäjä. Lockheedin vuonna 1943 suunnittelemat ja rakentamat tuotantomallit, jotka toimitettiin vain 143 päivää suunnitteluprosessin alkamisesta, lentelivät, ja kaksi tuotantoa edeltävää mallia näki hyvin rajoitetun palvelun Italiassa juuri ennen toisen maailmansodan päättymistä. Suorilla siivillä suunniteltu tyyppi näki laajan taistelun Koreassa Yhdysvaltain ilmavoimien (USAF) kanssa F-80: na.

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Lockheed P-80/F-80 Shooting Star kävelee ympäriinsä
Valokuvaaja	Cees Hendriks
Lokalisointi	Ei tietää
Valokuvat	37

Lockheed P-80-F-80 Shooting Star 01

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Lockheed P-80-F-80 Shooting Star 37

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Lockheed F-80C Walk Around
Valokuvaaja	Wright Patterson
Lokalisointi	Ei tietää
Valokuvat	18

Lockheed P-80 Shooting Star Walk Around
Valokuvaaja	Dennis Kipinät
Lokalisointi	Ei tietää
Valokuvat	24

Katso myös:

The Dawn of the Jet Age

Nniiden Lockheed P-80 tähdenlento (re-designated F-80 in 1948) was the first jet fighter used operationally by the United States Army Air Forces. Designed by Clarence “Kelly” Johnson and his Skunk Works team in just 143 days, it was a response to the German Me 262. While it arrived too late to see combat in WWII, it became the cornerstone of the early Cold War USAF and participated in the first-ever jet-versus-jet dogfight during the Korean War.

Attribute	Technical Specification (F-80C)
Rooli	Fighter-Interceptor / Fighter-Bomber
miehistö	1 (Pilot)
First Flight	January 8, 1944
Voimalaitos	1 × Allison J33-A-35 centrifugal-flow turbojet
Thrust	5,400 lbf (24 kN)
Enimmäisnopeus	956 km/h (594 mph) at sea level
Aseistus	6 × .50 cal (12.7 mm) M3 Browning machine guns (Nose)
Hyötykuorma	2 × 1,000 lb bombs or 8 × 5-inch rockets

Design and Engineering Milestones

Centrifugal-Flow Turbojet: The P-80 utilized the Allison J33, based on the British Whittle design. Unlike modern axial-flow engines, the J33 used a large impeller to compress air, which gave the F-80 its characteristic “fat” mid-section.
Nose-Concentrated Armament: By placing the six machine guns in the nose rather than the wings, the F-80 eliminated “convergence” issues, allowing for a concentrated stream of fire at any range.
The “Misery” Fuel Tanks: Early jets had poor range. The F-80 was iconic for its large, teardrop-shaped wingtip fuel tanks. These not only extended range but were found to improve the wing’s aerodynamic efficiency at high speeds.
Skunk Works Beginning: The P-80 was the project that essentially birthed Lockheed’s “Skunk Works” division, establishing the culture of rapid prototyping and extreme secrecy.

The Korean War & Transition

The First Jet Dogfight: On November 8, 1950, Lieutenant Russell J. Brown, flying an F-80C, was credited with shooting down a Soviet-built MiG-15—the first victory in jet-versus-jet history.
Straight vs. Swept Wings: The Korean War quickly proved that the straight-winged F-80 was outmatched in speed by the swept-wing MiG-15. The F-80 was soon shifted to the ground-attack role, where it excelled due to its stability as a gun platform.
Training Legacy: The F-80 airframe was lengthened to create the T-33 “T-Bird”, which became the most successful jet trainer in history, used by over 40 countries for over half a century.