Junkers Ju-87G-2 Stuka | |
| País | Alemanha nazista |
| Tipo | Bombardeiro de mergulho e aeronaves de ataque terrestre |
| Primeiro voo | 17 de setembro de 1935 |
| Construído | 6500+ |
O Junkers Ju 87 ou Stuka (de Sturzkampfflugzeug, "bombardeiro de mergulho") foi um bombardeiro de mergulho alemão e avião de ataque terrestre. Projetado por Hermann Pohlmann, ele voou pela primeira vez em 1935. O Ju 87 fez sua estreia em combate em 1937 com a Legião Condor da Luftwaffe durante a Guerra Civil Espanhola. Serviu as forças do Eixo na Segunda Guerra Mundial. Ju 87G: Com a variante G, a estrutura de ar envelhequada do Ju 87 encontrou nova vida como uma aeronave anti-tanque. Esta foi a versão operacional final do Stuka, e foi implantada na Frente Oriental.
| Junkers Ju-87G-2 Stuka | |
|---|---|
| Fotógrafo | Jaro Mucha |
| Localização | Desconhecido |
| Fotos | 21 |
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| Junkers Ju-87 G2 Walk Around | |
|---|---|
| Fotógrafo | Unknow |
| Localização | Desconhecido |
| Fotos | 69 |
A Second Life on the Eastern Front
O Junkers Ju 87 G-2 was the final combat evolution of the legendary Stuka. By 1943, the aircraft was dangerously obsolete as a dive bomber due to its low speed and vulnerability to modern fighters. However, the desperate need to halt Soviet “tank deluges” led to the Kanonenvogel (Cannon Bird). Stripped of its dive brakes and bomb racks, the G-2 was fitted with two massive 37mm flak cannons. In the hands of experts, this ungainly aircraft became a surgical instrument of destruction, capable of cracking open a T-34 with a single well-placed shot to the rear armor.
| Attribute | Technical Specification (Ju 87 G-2) |
|---|---|
| Papel | Anti-Tank / Close Air Support |
| tripulação | 2 (Pilot and Rear Gunner) |
| Usina | 1 × Junkers Jumo 211J-1 V12 inverted liquid-cooled engine |
| Horsepower | 1,420 hp (1,044 kW) |
| Maximum Speed | 344 km/h (214 mph) — reduced by pod drag |
| Main Armament | 2 × 37 mm Bordkanone BK 3,7 cannons (12 rounds per gun) |
| Defensive Armament | 1 × 7.92 mm MG 81Z twin machine gun (rear cockpit) |
| Wing Span | 15.0 m (49 ft 2.5 in) — extended from earlier models |
Design Engineering: The Tank-Cracker
- The BK 3,7 Cannons: These were adapted from the 3.7 cm Flak 18 anti-aircraft gun. Firing tungsten-cored Hartkernmunition (APCR), they could penetrate the thin top or rear armor of any Soviet tank. However, each pod weighed over 600 lbs, making the plane incredibly “heavy” on the controls.
- Removal of Dive Brakes: The G-series was no longer intended for vertical diving. The iconic dive brakes were removed to save weight and offset the massive drag of the gun pods. Attacks were instead carried out in shallow, low-level glides.
- Extended Wings: Based on the Ju 87 D-5 airframe, the G-2 featured extended outer wing panels. This was necessary to provide enough lift for the heavily encumbered aircraft and to improve stability when the large cannons fired.
- Recoil Sync: The guns were synchronized to fire simultaneously. If one gun jammed while the other fired, the massive off-center recoil could literally jerk the aircraft out of the sky or cause it to spin.
The Legend of Hans-Ulrich Rudel
- The Knight of the Sky: Hans-Ulrich Rudel is the pilot most synonymous with the G-2. He is credited with destroying 519 Soviet tanks, a battleship (the Marat), and a cruiser. He was the only person to receive the “Golden Oak Leaves” to the Knight’s Cross.
- The “Rear-Attack” Tactic: Rudel perfected the art of flying at “chimney-height” to approach tanks from the rear, where the armor over the engine vents was thinnest. He often flew so low that his aircraft was buffeted by the explosion of the tanks he hit.
- High-Stakes Combat: The G-2 was a “marginal” warplane. It was so slow that it required an escort of Focke-Wulf Fw 190s just to survive the flight to the target. If caught by Soviet fighters without cover, the G-2 was almost defenseless.
- Surviving Examples: One of the few original Ju 87 G-2s in existence is preserved at the Royal Air Force Museum in London. It serves as a stark reminder of the “last stand” of the Stuka on the Eastern Front.
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