Fokker D. XXI | ||
|---|---|---|
| 국가 | 네덜란드어 | |
| 역할 | 전투기 | |
| 첫 비행 | 1936년 3월 27일 | |
| 내장 | 146 | |
Tthe 포크커 D.XXI fighter was designed in 1935 by Dutch aircraft manufacturer Fokker in response to requirements laid out by the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army Air Force (Militaire Luchtvaart van het Koninklijk Nederlands-Indisch Leger, ML-KNIL). The D.XXI was designed as an inexpensive, rugged, and compact fighter aircraft that would possess respectable performance for its era. Entering operational use in the early years of the Second World War, it provided yeoman service for both the Luchtvaartafdeling (Dutch Army Aviation Group) and the Finnish Air Force. Additionally, a few examples were constructed by the El Carmolí factory before it fell into rebel hands during the Spanish Civil War. Following the invasion and occupation of the Netherlands in May 1940, several captured Dutch D.XXIs were subsequently placed into service with the Luftwaffe.
| Fokker D.XXI Walk Around | |
|---|---|
| Photographer | Unknow |
| Localisation | Unknow |
| Photos | 31 |
참고 항목:
General Characteristics and Role
The Fokker D.XXI was a Dutch-designed single-seat monoplane fighter aircraft that first flew in 1936. It was developed for the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army Air Force (ML-KNIL) to replace their biplanes. Its design was characterized by a fixed landing gear and a strong, rugged airframe of mixed construction (metal fuselage frame, wooden wings), making it simple to manufacture and easy to maintain. By the time of the German invasion of the Netherlands in May 1940, the D.XXI was already considered under-armed and outclassed by the latest German fighters (like the Bf 109). However, its excellent maneuverability, high diving speed, and sturdiness allowed Dutch pilots to achieve notable successes against the vastly superior forces of the Luftwaffe during the short campaign.
| Property | Typical Value (D.XXI for Netherlands) |
|---|---|
| 역할 | Single-seat Fighter / Interceptor |
| National Origin | 네덜란드 |
| 제조업체 | 포커 |
| First Flight | 1936년 3월 27일 |
| 승무원 | 1 (Pilot) |
| 길이 | 8.22 m (26 ft 11 in) |
| 윙스 팬 | 11.00 m (36 ft 1 in) |
| 높이 | 2.92 m (9 ft 7 in) |
| Empty Weight | 1,594 kg (3,514 lb) |
| Gross Weight | 1,970 kg (4,343 lb) |
Powerplant and Performance
- Engine: 1 x Bristol Mercury VIII 9-cylinder air-cooled radial engine.
- Power Output: 830 hp (620 kW).
- Maximum Speed: 460 km/h (286 mph; 248 kn) at 4,500 m (14,800 ft).
- Service Ceiling: 9,300 m (30,500 ft).
- Key Design Feature: The use of fixed, faired (“spatted”) landing gear reduced drag compared to earlier biplanes and simplified maintenance, but like the Aichi D3A, it penalized top speed compared to contemporary fighters with retractable gear.
Service and Export
- Primary Operator: Royal Netherlands Army Air Force (LVA) during the May 1940 invasion.
- Finnish Service: The D.XXI was also produced under license in Finland and became the mainstay of the Finnish Air Force during the Winter War and Continuation War (1939-1944). Finnish variants were often modified with different radial engines and saw great success against Soviet aircraft.
- Danish Service: Denmark also acquired and produced the D.XXI under license for its air force.
- Legacy: The D.XXI remains a symbol of the determined, though ultimately unsuccessful, Dutch resistance in 1940 and of the highly effective, locally-produced Finnish fighter force.
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