
Northrop JB-1 Bat | |
|---|---|
| Χώρα | Ηπα |
| Ρόλο | Πρωτότυπη ιπτάμενη πτέρυγα με κινητήρα τζετ |
| Πρώτη μύγα | 27 Αυγούστου 1943 |
| Χτισμένο | Αγνοώ |
Teh Northrop JB-1 Το "Bat" ήταν ένας πύραυλος κρουζ επιφανείας-επιφανείας των Ηνωμένων Πολιτειών που ήταν μια πρωτότυπη ιπτάμενη πτέρυγα με αεριωθούμενα αεροσκάφη. Το πρόγραμμα MX-543 της Αεροπορίας Στρατού των Ηνωμένων Πολιτειών ξεκίνησε τον Σεπτέμβριο του 1942 για να χρησιμοποιήσει εκδόσεις του κινητήρα τζετ του Frank Whittle (General Electric J31). Η Northrop Corporation συνήφθη στα τέλη του 1943 και κατασκευάστηκαν μόνο 10 αεροσκάφη JB-1. Μια επανδρωμένη έκδοση ρυμουλκήθηκε για την 1η πτήση στις 27 Αυγούστου 1943, από το Rogers Dry Lake και μια έκδοση ανεμόπτερου εκτοξεύτηκε από ένα πυραυλοκίνητο έλκηθρο και συνετρίβη τον Δεκέμβριο του 1944. Ένα μη επανδρωμένο JB-1 που τροφοδοτείται από ένα αυτοσχέδιο στροβιλοκινητήρα General Electric B-1 με άνοιγμα φτερών 28 πόδια 4 ίντσες (8,64 μ.) έκανε την 1η πτήση του από το νησί Santa Rosa του Eglin Field, στη Φλόριντα, στις 7 Δεκεμβρίου 1944 και συνετρίβη 400 γιάρδες από τον εκτοξευτή σιδηροτροχιών.
| Northrop JB-1 Bat Walk Around | |
|---|---|
| Photographer | Vladimir Yakubov |
| Localisation | Western Museum of Flight, Torrance |
| Photos | 40 |
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General Characteristics and Role
The Northrop JB-1 Bat was an experimental, unpiloted pulse-jet powered flying wing missile developed by the United States during World War II, based heavily on aerodynamic work done by the German Horten brothers. Its development was part of the United States Army Air Forces’ (USAAF) Jet-Propelled Missile program (JB). The JB-1’s design was highly unconventional, utilizing a pure flying wing configuration with twin rudders and a very clean aerodynamic profile. It was intended as a short-range surface-to-surface cruise missile that could carry a massive warhead (comparable to the German V-1 flying bomb). The project was ultimately terminated due to propulsion issues and the end of the war, but it significantly contributed to Northrop’s pioneering work on tailless aircraft.
| Property | Typical Value (JB-1) |
|---|---|
| Ρόλο | Experimental Cruise Missile / Flying Bomb |
| National Origin | Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες |
| Κατασκευαστής | Northrop Aircraft |
| First Flight (Glider) | August 1944 |
| Πλήρωμα | 0 (Unmanned) |
| Guidance | Preset gyro-pilot system |
| Warhead | Approximately 900 kg (2,000 lb) |
| Μήκος | 4.37 m (14 ft 4 in) |
| Εκπέτασμα | 9.14 m (30 ft 0 in) |
| Launch Weight | 3,175 kg (7,000 lb) |
Propulsion and Launch Method
- Engine: 2 x General Electric BQ-7 (pulse-jet engines).
- Thrust (Total): Approximately 4.45 kN (1,000 lbf).
- Maximum Speed: Designed for high subsonic speeds.
- Launch Method: The JB-1 was designed to be launched from a rocket-powered sled running on a fixed railway track, similar to the method used for the German V-1 missile.
- Propulsion Issues: Initial tests with the pulse-jets were unsuccessful due to performance and reliability problems, leading to a modified glide-only prototype being tested first.
Legacy and Further Development
- Pilot Modification: After the failure of the pulse-jet system, the design was briefly converted into a piloted glider (designated JB-1A) for aerodynamic testing, including a side-by-side cockpit, which helped validate the flying wing concept.
- Follow-on: The JB-1 project provided valuable data that directly influenced Northrop’s later, larger flying wing aircraft, such as the XB-35 and YB-49 bombers, and eventually the B-2 Spirit stealth bomber.
- Termination: The program was cancelled shortly after the end of the war, as the need for the short-range missile rapidly diminished, allowing resources to be shifted to long-range missile and bomber programs.
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