North American XB-70 Valkyrie

North American XB-70 Valkyrie
Země	SPOJENÉ STÁTY
Roli	Strategický bombardér – nadzvukový výzkumný letoun
První let	21. září 1964
Postaven	2

Tá North American Aviation XB-70 Valkyrie byl prototypem plánovaného jaderného strategického bombardéru B-70 s hlubokým průnikem pro Velitelství strategického letectva Spojených států amerických. Navržený v pozdních 1950s Společností North American Aviation, šestimotorová Valkyrie byla schopna cestovat tisíce mil rychlostí Mach 3 + při letu ve výšce 70 000 stop (21 000 m).

Zdroj: North American XB-70 Valkyrie na Wikipedii

Severoamerická XB-70 Valkyrie Procházka kolem
Fotografů	John Heck, Vladimir Jakubov
Lokalizace	Národní muzeum USAF
Fotografie	134

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General Characteristics and Role

The North American XB-70 Valkyrie was the prototype version of the planned B-70 strategic bomber for the United States Air Force (USAF). Developed during the height of the Cold War, its radical design was intended to create an aircraft capable of penetrating Soviet airspace at sustained speeds of Mach 3 (three times the speed of sound) and altitudes above 70,000 feet (21,000 m). Its role was to serve as a high-speed, high-altitude strategic nuclear bomber, making it theoretically invulnerable to interception by Soviet fighters and early surface-to-air missiles of the time. However, the program faced rapid technological obsolescence and cost overruns, leading to its cancellation and reassignment as a research vehicle.

Property	Typical Value (XB-70A)
Roli	Experimental Strategic Bomber Prototype
National Origin	Spojené státy americké
Výrobce	North American Aviation (now part of Boeing)
First Flight	21. září 1964
Posádky	2 (Pilot and Co-pilot)
Délka	57.6 m (189 ft 0 in)
Rozpětí křídel	32.0 m (105 ft 0 in)
Maximum Takeoff Weight	249,500 kg (550,000 lb)

Powerplant and Unique Aerodynamics

Engines: 6 x General Electric YJ93-GE-3 turbojet engines (in a common engine bay).
Maximum Speed: Mach 3.1.
Cruise Speed: Mach 3.0.
Thrust (Each Engine): 31,000 lbf (138 kN) with afterburner.
Compression Lift: The Valkyrie utilized a revolutionary design where the shockwave generated by the fuselage at Mach 3 was channeled under the large, fixed delta wing, providing up to 30% of its lift.
Movable Wing Tips: The outer 20 feet (6.1 m) of the wings could be folded down by up to 65 degrees at high speeds. This increased directional stability and, critically, helped trap the compression lift shockwave underneath the wing.
Construction: Largely built from stainless steel and titanium to withstand the extreme heat generated by sustained supersonic flight (thermal soak).

Program History and Legacy

Cancellation Drivers: The development of effective Soviet high-altitude surface-to-air missiles (like the S-75 Dvina, or SA-2 Guideline) made the high-altitude Mach 3 profile vulnerable. Coupled with the massive development cost, the bomber program was canceled in 1961.
Research Role: After cancellation, the two built prototypes (AV-1 and AV-2) were used as Mach 3 research aircraft for the supersonic transport (SST) program.
Tragedy: The second prototype, XB-70A AV-2, was destroyed in 1966 after a mid-air collision with an F-104 chase plane during a photo shoot.
Legacy: Although it never became an operational bomber, the XB-70 program provided invaluable aerodynamic, materials science, and flight control data crucial for future high-speed military and civilian aircraft development.
Preservation: The sole surviving aircraft, XB-70A AV-1, is preserved and displayed at the National Museum of the United States Air Force at Wright-Patterson AFB in Dayton, Ohio.