Tá McDonnell F2H Banshee byl jednomístný palubní proudový stíhací letoun používaný námořnictvem Spojených států amerických a námořní pěchotou Spojených států v letech 1948 až 1961. Byla to jedna z hlavních amerických stíhaček používaných během korejské války a byla to jediná proudová stíhačka, kterou kdy použilo Královské kanadské námořnictvo, sloužila RCN od roku 1955 do roku 1962. Název letadla je odvozen od banshee z irské mytologie.
Tá McDonnell F2H-2 Bansheewas a twin-engine carrier-based jet fighter that evolved from the smaller FH-1 Phantom. Entering service just before the Korean War, the F2H-2 was larger, carried more fuel, and possessed significantly more firepower than its predecessor. Known for its exceptional high-altitude performance, it became the primary escort for B-29 bombers and a formidable ground-attack platform for the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps.
Attribute
Technical Specification (F2H-2)
Roli
Carrier-based Fighter-Bomber
Posádky
1 (Pilot)
First Flight
January 11, 1947 (XF2H-1)
Pohonná jednotka
2 × Westinghouse J34-WE-34 turbojets
Thrust
3,250 lbf (14.5 kN) per engine
Maximum Speed
580 mph (933 km/h)
Service Ceiling
46,000 feet (14,000 m)
Zbrojení
4 × 20mm M3 cannons; up to 1,580 lbs of bombs/rockets
Engineering for Vertical Performance
Wing-Root Engine Mounting:Like the FH-1, the Banshee’s engines were buried in the thickened wing roots. This design reduced aerodynamic drag and kept the weight centered, though it made engine maintenance more labor-intensive.
High Aspect-Ratio Wing:The F2H-2 featured long, straight wings that provided massive lift. This allowed the Banshee to out-climb and out-maneuver contemporary jets like the F9F Panther at altitudes above 30,000 feet.
Increased Fuel Capacity:The F2H-2 variant added distinctive 200-gallon wingtip fuel tanks. Unlike the tanks on the FJ-1, these were designed to be aerodynamic “end-plates” that actually improved wing efficiency.
Kneeling Nose Gear:Carried over from early McDonnell designs, the nose gear could “kneel” down, allowing the tail to stick up so other aircraft could be parked partially underneath it on crowded carrier decks.
Combat Service and Specialized Roles
Korea: The High-Altitude Escort:During the Korean War, the Banshee was one of the few naval jets that could operate at the same altitudes as the B-29 Superfortress, making it a vital escort against MiG-15 threats.
F2H-2P Photo-Recon:One of the most successful variants was the unarmed “P” model, which featured an elongated nose packed with six vertical and oblique cameras. It was the premier naval recon aircraft of the early 1950s.
Night Fighting (F2H-2N):A night-fighter version was developed with a radar-equipped nose, though it was produced in smaller numbers than the standard day fighter.
The “Old Banjo” Legacy:The Banshee served until the early 1960s with the Royal Canadian Navy and the U.S. Naval Reserve. It remains a key link in the McDonnell lineage that led to the F3H Demon and the F-4 Phantom II.
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