BM-21 Grad

BM-21 Grad
Šalies	Sovietų Sąjunga
Vaidmenį	Keli raketų paleidimo
Tarnyboje	1963–dabar
Pastatytas	2000

2007 BM-21 "Grad" (rus. БМ-21 "Град", lit. "kruša") yra sovietinis sunkvežimis montuojamas 122 mm daugkartinis raketų paleidimo įrenginys. Ginklų sistema ir raketa M-21OF, kurią ji paleido, išsivystė 7-ojo dešimtmečio pradžioje, o jų pirmasis kovinis panaudojimas buvo panaudotas 1969-ųjų kovą per Kinijos ir Sovietų Sąjungos pasienio konfliktą. BM reiškia boyevaya mashina (rusų kalba: боевая машина – kovinę transporto priemonę), o slapyvardis grad reiškia "kruša". Visa sistema su BM-21 paleidimo aparatu ir M-21OF raketa yra pažymėta kaip M-21 lauko raketų sistema.

Šaltinis: BM-21 Grad Vikipedijoje

BM-21 Grad on URAL 4320 Chassis Walk Around
Fotografas	Jurijus Pasholokas
Lokalizavimo	Nežinoti
Nuotraukos	120

BM-21 Grad on URAL 4320 1

BM-21 Grad on URAL 4320 2

BM-21 Grad on URAL 4320 3

BM-21 Grad on URAL 4320 4

BM-21 Grad on URAL 4320 5

BM-21 Grad on URAL 4320 6

BM-21 Grad on URAL 4320 7

BM-21 Grad on URAL 4320 8

BM-21 Grad on URAL 4320 9

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General Characteristics and Role

The BM-21 “Grad” (Russian for “hail”) is a Soviet-era 122 mm multiple launch rocket system (MLRS) designed to deliver large volumes of fire against enemy infantry, armored vehicles, artillery positions, and command posts. The system is mounted on a highly mobile Ural-4320 6×6 cross-country truck chassis. The combination is robust, relatively inexpensive to produce, and simple to operate, making it one of the most widely exported and utilized MLRS systems globally. It is designed to saturate a target area quickly, providing massive destructive power over a wide zone.

Property	Typical Value (BM-21 on Ural-4320)
Tipas	Multiple Launch Rocket System (MLRS)
National Origin	Soviet Union (currently Russia)
Service Entry	1963 (Original BM-21)
Važiuoklės	Ural-4320 6×6 Military Truck
Įgulos	3-5 (Varies by user/version)
Length (Vehicle)	7.35 m (24 ft 1 in)
Width (Vehicle)	2.69 m (8 ft 10 in)
Height (Launcher Stowed)	3.09 m (10 ft 2 in)
Weight (Combat Loaded)	Approx. 13.7 metric tons

Launch System and Performance

Launcher: 40 launch tubes (4 rows of 10) mounted on the rear of the truck.
Rocket Caliber: 122 mm.
Maximum Range: Standard rockets range from about 20 km to 27 km (12.4 to 17 miles), though modern variants can reach up to 40 km.
Firing Rate: A full salvo of 40 rockets can be fired in about 20 seconds.
Re-load Time: Manual reloading typically takes 5 to 10 minutes by a trained crew.
Engine (Ural-4320): KAMAZ-740.10 V8 diesel engine or similar.
Road Speed: Up to 85 km/h (53 mph).
Cross-Country Mobility: Excellent, thanks to the 6×6 all-wheel drive and high ground clearance of the Ural truck.

Ammunition and Impact

Standard Ammunition: High-Explosive Fragmentation (HE-Frag) rockets (9M22 family).
Specialized Rounds: Can fire rounds with chemical, smoke, illumination, incendiary, and anti-tank mine-laying warheads.
Salvo Area: The 40-round salvo of a single BM-21 can effectively saturate a target area of approximately 700 meters by 700 meters, or about 32 acres.
Operational Doctrine: Typically deployed in batteries, where multiple launchers fire simultaneously to achieve devastating area saturation.