BM-21 Grad | |
|---|---|
| 国家 | 苏联 |
| 作用 | 多个火箭发射器 |
| 在服务中 | 1963年至今 |
| 建立 | 2000 |
这 BM-21 "格拉德"（俄语：БМ-21"Град"，点燃。"海尔"）是苏联卡车安装的122毫米多管火箭发射器。其发射的武器系统和M-21OF火箭在20世纪60年代初发展，1969年3月中苏边境冲突期间首次在战斗中使用。BM代表博耶瓦亚·马希纳（俄语：боевая машина-战车），绰号毕业生的意思是"海尔"。配备BM-21运载火箭和M-21OF火箭的完整系统被指定为M-21野战火箭系统
| BM-21 Grad on URAL 4320 Chassis Walk Around | |
|---|---|
| 摄影师 | 尤里·帕斯霍洛克 |
| 本地化 | 未知 |
| 照片 | 120 |
另请参阅：
General Characteristics and Role
The BM-21 “Grad” (Russian for “hail”) is a Soviet-era 122 mm multiple launch rocket system (MLRS) designed to deliver large volumes of fire against enemy infantry, armored vehicles, artillery positions, and command posts. The system is mounted on a highly mobile Ural-4320 6×6 cross-country truck chassis. The combination is robust, relatively inexpensive to produce, and simple to operate, making it one of the most widely exported and utilized MLRS systems globally. It is designed to saturate a target area quickly, providing massive destructive power over a wide zone.
| Property | Typical Value (BM-21 on Ural-4320) |
|---|---|
| 类型 | Multiple Launch Rocket System (MLRS) |
| National Origin | Soviet Union (currently Russia) |
| Service Entry | 1963 (Original BM-21) |
| Chassis | Ural-4320 6×6 Military Truck |
| 船员 | 3-5 (Varies by user/version) |
| Length (Vehicle) | 7.35 m (24 ft 1 in) |
| Width (Vehicle) | 2.69 m (8 ft 10 in) |
| Height (Launcher Stowed) | 3.09 m (10 ft 2 in) |
| Weight (Combat Loaded) | Approx. 13.7 metric tons |
Launch System and Performance
- Launcher: 40 launch tubes (4 rows of 10) mounted on the rear of the truck.
- Rocket Caliber: 122 mm.
- Maximum Range: Standard rockets range from about 20 km to 27 km (12.4 to 17 miles), though modern variants can reach up to 40 km.
- Firing Rate: A full salvo of 40 rockets can be fired in about 20 seconds.
- Re-load Time: Manual reloading typically takes 5 to 10 minutes by a trained crew.
- Engine (Ural-4320): KAMAZ-740.10 V8 diesel engine or similar.
- Road Speed: Up to 85 km/h (53 mph).
- Cross-Country Mobility: Excellent, thanks to the 6×6 all-wheel drive and high ground clearance of the Ural truck.
Ammunition and Impact
- Standard Ammunition: High-Explosive Fragmentation (HE-Frag) rockets (9M22 family).
- Specialized Rounds: Can fire rounds with chemical, smoke, illumination, incendiary, and anti-tank mine-laying warheads.
- Salvo Area: The 40-round salvo of a single BM-21 can effectively saturate a target area of approximately 700 meters by 700 meters, or about 32 acres.
- Operational Doctrine: Typically deployed in batteries, where multiple launchers fire simultaneously to achieve devastating area saturation.
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