메서슈미트 나 163B | |
|---|---|
| 국가 | 독일 |
| 역할 | 로켓 동력 전투기 |
| 첫 비행 | 1941년 9월 1일 |
| 내장 | 370 |
Tthe 메서슈미트 나 163 코멧 독일 로켓 동력 전투기였다. 알렉산더 리피쉬(Alexander Lippisch)가 설계한 이 항공기는 지금까지 운영된 유일한 로켓 동력 전투기이며 레벨 비행에서 1000km/h(621mph)를 초과하는 모든 유형의 최초의 조종 항공기입니다. 그 디자인은 혁명적이었고 그 성능은 전례가 없었습니다. 1944년 7월 초 독일의 시험 조종사 하이니 디트마르(Heini Dittmar)는 1,130km/h(700mph)에 도달했는데, 이는 거의 10년 동안 터보제트 동력 항공기와 비교할 수 없는 비공식 비행 비행 속도 기록이다. 300대 이상의 항공기가 건조되었지만, 코멧은 요격기로서의 헌신적인 역할에서 비효율적임이 입증되었고, 열 번의 손실에 대해 약 아홉 대에서 열여덟 대의 연합군 항공기만 파괴하는 책임을 맡았다. 전투 손실 외에도 많은 조종사가 테스트 및 훈련 중에 사망했습니다.
| Messerschmitt Me 163B Komet Walk Around | |
|---|---|
| 사진 작가 | 존 헥 |
| 로컬라이제이션 | USAF 국립 박물관 |
| 사진 | 23 |
참고 항목:
A Flying Bomb in the Service of the Reich
Tthe 메서슈미트 나 163B 코멧 was arguably the most radical combat aircraft of World War II. Designed by Alexander Lippisch as a tailless, swept-wing interceptor, it utilized a liquid-fuel rocket motor to reach speeds and climb rates that were decades ahead of its time. However, this performance came at a terrifying cost. The Komet was as dangerous to its pilots and ground crews as it was to the Allied bombers it hunted, earning a reputation as a “suicide machine” due to its highly volatile fuels and treacherous landing characteristics.
| Attribute | Technical Specification (Me 163B-1) |
|---|---|
| 역할 | Point-Defense Rocket Interceptor |
| 승무원 | 1 (Pilot) |
| 엔진 | 1 × Walter HWK 109-509A-2 liquid-fuel rocket |
| 최대 속도 | 960 km/h (596 mph) — Mach 0.83 |
| Climb Rate | Initial: 81 m/s (16,000 ft/min) |
| Endurance | 7.5 to 8 minutes of powered flight |
| 군비 | 2 × 30mm MK 108 cannons (60 rounds per gun) |
| Landing Gear | Jettisonable takeoff dolly / Retractable landing skid |
Design Engineering: Chemistry vs. Aerodynamics
- The Hypergolic Nightmare: The Komet was powered by T-Stoff (hydrogen peroxide) and C-Stoff (hydrazine hydrate and methanol). These two chemicals were hypergolic, meaning they exploded instantly upon contact. A single drop of one in the other’s tank would destroy the aircraft. They were so corrosive that pilots had to wear special non-organic protective suits to prevent being dissolved alive in the event of a leak.
- Tailless Swept Wings: To minimize drag at high subsonic speeds, the Komet lacked a horizontal stabilizer (tail). Its swept wings provided both lift and control, making it exceptionally stable in high-speed dives but notoriously difficult to land because it simply “wanted to keep flying.”
- The Two-Part Landing: To save weight, the Komet took off on a two-wheeled “dolly” that was jettisoned once airborne. After exhausting its fuel, the pilot had to glide back and land on a retractable belly skid. If the skid failed to deploy or the landing was too hard, the impact could slosh remaining fuel together, resulting in a fatal explosion.
- Nose-Cone Generator: Since the rocket engine produced no electrical power, the Komet featured a tiny wooden propeller on its nose. This “rat” (Ram Air Turbine) spun in the slipstream to power the aircraft’s radio and flight instruments.
Combat History: Seven Minutes of Terror
- The Vertical Intercept: A typical Komet mission lasted less than ten minutes. The pilot would blast off the runway at a 70-degree angle, reaching 30,000 feet in under four minutes. They would then dive through the bomber formation at nearly 600 mph, giving them only a fraction of a second to aim and fire the slow-velocity 30mm cannons.
- The “Gliding Target”: Once the fuel ran out, the Komet became a heavy, unpowered glider. Allied fighter pilots quickly learned to wait for the rocket flame to go out; once the Komet was “silent,” it was a sitting duck as it struggled to reach its home airfield.
- Limited Impact: Despite its psychological terror, the Me 163 was a failure as a weapon system. Fewer than 20 Allied bombers were officially credited to the Komet, while more Komets were lost to landing accidents and engine explosions than to enemy fire.
- Sabotage: Many surviving Komets show evidence of sabotage by the forced laborers who built them, including contaminated glue in the wooden wings and rocks placed between fuel tanks and support straps to cause punctures.
Views : 3925
