MIM-104 Patriot

MIM-104 Patriot
Paese	Usa
Ruolo	Missile terra-aria mobile a lungo raggio con capacità di missili antibalistici
In servizio	Dal 1981
Costruito	1100+ lanciatori

Le MIM-104 Patriota è un sistema missilistico terra-aria (SAM), il principale del suo genere utilizzato dall'esercito degli Stati Uniti e da diverse nazioni alleate. È prodotto dall'appaltatore della difesa statunitense Raytheon e deriva il suo nome dal componente radar del sistema d'arma. L'AN/MPQ-53 al centro del sistema è noto come "Phased Array Tracking Radar to Intercept on Target", che è l'acronimo di PATRIOT. Il sistema Patriot ha sostituito il sistema Nike Hercules come sistema primario di difesa aerea ad alta e media (HIMAD) dell'esercito degli Stati Uniti e ha sostituito il sistema MIM-23 Hawk come sistema di difesa aerea tattica media dell'esercito degli Stati Uniti. Oltre a questi ruoli, al Patriot è stata affidata la funzione del sistema di missili anti-balistici (ABM) dell'esercito degli Stati Uniti, che ora è la missione principale del Patriot. Si prevede che il sistema rimarrà in campo almeno fino al 2040

fonte: MIM-104 Patriot su Wikipedia

Patriot Missile Battery Walk Around
Photographer	Dieter Krause
Localisation	Unknow
Photos	102

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General Characteristics and Role

The MIM-104 Patriot (Phased Array Tracking Radar to Intercept Of Target) is a highly capable surface-to-air missile (SAM) system used by the United States Army and many allied nations. It was originally designed to engage aircraft but was modernized to counter tactical ballistic missiles (TBMs) and cruise missiles. The Patriot system is not a single vehicle but a highly integrated mobile battery, consisting of several key components linked by fiber optics and radio, including the Engagement Control Station (ECS), a power plant, and, most critically, the MPQ-53/65 Phased-Array Radar and the M901 Launching Station. Patriot batteries are typically deployed to protect high-value military assets, population centers, and critical infrastructure from air attack.

Component	Description / Platform
System Role	Air and Missile Defense (AMD)
National Origin	Stati Uniti
Produttore	Raytheon
Service Entry	1984
Primary Missile	PAC-2 (Patriot Advanced Capability-2) and PAC-3
Radar Unit	AN/MPQ-53/65 (Phased-Array)
Launcher Platform	M901 Launching Station (Truck-mounted)
Total Missiles (per Battery)	Varies, typically 32 (PAC-2) to 128 (PAC-3)

Missile and Performance (PAC-3 MSE Variant)

Missile Type: The PAC-3 Missile Segment Enhancement (MSE) is the primary interceptor. It uses hit-to-kill technology (kinetic energy) rather than a blast fragmentation warhead.
Guidance: Track-Via-Missile (TVM), combining ground radar tracking with missile-borne radar updates.
Range (Approximate): Up to 150 km (93 mi) (PAC-2); 40 km (25 mi) for PAC-3 interceptors.
Altitude (Approximate): 20 km+ (12 mi+).
Launcher Capacity: An M901 station can hold 4 PAC-2 missiles OR 16 PAC-3 MSE missiles, increasing the launch power per station dramatically.
Key Capability: Can engage multiple targets simultaneously and is specifically designed to intercept highly maneuverable ballistic missiles.

Radar and Engagement Control

Radar Role: The AN/MPQ-65 radar performs search, identification, track, missile guidance, and counter-countermeasures functions.
Radar Type: Passive electronically scanned array (PESA).
Engagement Control Station (ECS): The command center where the crew monitors the air picture, identifies threats, and commands the firing units.
Mobility: The entire system is mounted on trailers and trucks, allowing it to be relocated quickly, though setup and tear-down times are measured in hours, not minutes.