
Szu–101 Uralash | |
|---|---|
| Ország | Szovjetunió |
| Szerepet | Önjáró fegyver (prototípus) |
| Tervezett | 1944-1945 |
A Uralmash-1 (Уралмаш-1) egy szovjet önjáró löveg prototípus volt, melyet a második világháború alatt fejlesztettek ki. Ez egy torony nélküli, lánctalpas páncélozott harcjármű volt, amelyet a jekatyerinburgi székhelyű Uralmash tervezőiroda (UZTM) tervezett 1944 ősze és 1945 tavasza között. A T-44 közepes harckocsi alvázát használta, és az SU-100 leváltására szánták, amely maga is csak 1944 végén állt szolgálatba a Vörös Hadseregnél. Az Uralmash-1 két prototípusa különböző fegyverzettel 1945 elején épült, az egyik a 100 mm-es D-10 tartálypuskával, a másik a 122 mm-es D-25S harckocsilöveggel. Míg a tömeggyártást eredetileg ajánlották, a Németországgal folytatott háború 1945. májusi befejezése végül a projekt lemondását eredményezte a szükségesség hiánya miatt. Ha az Uralmash-1 szolgálatba állt volna, a 100 mm-es változatot SZU-101-nek (СУ-101), míg a 122 mm-es változatot SZU-102-nek (СУ-102) nevezték volna el, a szovjet katonai nómenklatúra szerint, ahol a "SU" címke Samokhodnaya Ustanovka, vagyis önjáró fegyver volt.
Forrás: Su-101 Uralash a Wikin
| Su-101 “Uralmash” Walk Around | |
|---|---|
| Fotósok | Vladimir Kubinka Páncélmúzeum |
| Lokalizáció | Ismeretlen |
| Fénykép | 29 |
| SU-101 Uralash páncélvadász séta körül | |
|---|---|
| Fotósok | Ismeretlen |
| Lokalizáció | |
| Fénykép | 32 |
Lásd még:
The “Last Word” in Tank Hunting
A Szu–101 (also known as the Uralmash-1) was an experimental Soviet self-propelled gun developed at the very end of WWII. Based on the chassis of the T-44 tank, it was designed to replace the Su-100. Its most radical feature was the rear-mounted casemate, a complete reversal of Soviet design tradition. This layout was intended to solve the “long-nose” problem of previous tank destroyers, where the gun barrel often stuck out so far it would dig into the ground or hit obstacles during maneuvers.
| Attribute | Technical Specification (Su-101) |
|---|---|
| Szerepet | Self-Propelled Gun / Tank Destroyer |
| Legénység | 4 (Commander, Gunner, Loader, Driver) |
| First Prototype | April 1945 |
| Main Armament | 100 mm D-10S gun |
| Secondary Armament | 12.7 mm DShK anti-aircraft machine gun |
| Frontal Armor | 120 mm (sloped at 55 degrees) |
| Hajtómű | V-44 diesel (500 hp) |
| Top Speed | 54 km/h (33.5 mph) |
A Masterclass in Ballistic Protection
- Rear-Mounted Casemate: By moving the fighting compartment to the rear, the designers were able to shorten the overall length of the vehicle significantly. This improved the weight distribution and allowed the heavy 100mm (or 122mm on the Su-102) gun to be mounted with minimal overhang.
- Extreme Sloped Armor: The Su-101 featured armor plates sloped at aggressive angles. Its 120mm frontal plate was effectively much thicker against incoming kinetic energy shells, making it nearly invulnerable to the German 88mm PaK 43 from the front.
- Engine-Forward Protection: Like the modern Israeli Merkava, the engine was placed at the front. This provided an additional layer of mechanical “armor” for the crew sitting in the rear compartment.
- Low Silhouette: Despite the powerful gun, the vehicle stood only 2.1 meters high, making it an exceptionally difficult target to spot and hit in an ambush.
The “Oven” Problem
- The Heat Issue: The most significant flaw of the Su-101 was the heat. Because the engine was directly in front of the crew with poor ventilation, the interior temperatures became unbearable during summer testing, sometimes reaching 50°C (122°F).
- Cramped Fighting Compartment: The rear-mounted design and low profile left very little room for the crew. Working the large 100mm shells in such a tight space was exhausting and dangerous during rapid fire.
- The Su-102 Variant: A second prototype, the Su-102, was built using a massive 122mm D-25S gun. The recoil of this gun proved to be so violent for the light T-44 chassis that it caused structural concerns.
- Post-War Fate: By the time the issues were being ironed out, the war was over and the T-54 tank was entering production. The T-54’s rotating turret offered similar firepower with much more versatility, rendering the fixed-casemate Su-101 obsolete. The only surviving prototype is now a star attraction at the **Kubinka Tank Museum**.
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