Doak VZ-4 | |
|---|---|
| Χώρα | Ηπα |
| Ρόλο | VTOL έρευνα μετατροπή |
| Πρώτη πτήση | 25 Φεβρουαρίου 1958 |
| Χτισμένο | 1 |
Teh Ντόακ VZ-4 (ή Doak Model 16) ήταν ένα αμερικανικό πρωτότυπο αεροσκάφος κάθετης απογείωσης και προσγείωσης (VTOL) που κατασκευάστηκε τη δεκαετία του 1950 για υπηρεσία στον στρατό των Ηνωμένων Πολιτειών. Μόνο ένα πρωτότυπο κατασκευάστηκε και ο στρατός των ΗΠΑ το απέσυρε από τις ενεργές δοκιμές το 1963.
| Doak 16 VZ-4DA Walk Around | |
|---|---|
| Photographer | Vladimir Yakubov |
| Localisation | US Army Transportation Museum, Fort Eustis |
| Photos | 39 |
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General Characteristics and Role
The Doak 16, designated VZ-4DA by the U.S. Army, was an experimental Vertical Takeoff and Landing (VTOL) aircraft developed in the late 1950s. It was designed to explore the concept of a “convertiplane” that could take off and land vertically like a helicopter, but transition to forward flight like a conventional fixed-wing aircraft for faster cruise speeds. The Doak 16 used a unique propulsion system: a single engine drove two large, tilting ducted fans located at the wingtips. The entire fan assemblies could be rotated 90 degrees, a configuration known as a ducted fan tilt-wing. This technology was highly experimental, part of a push by the U.S. military to find practical VTOL solutions for observation and utility roles.
| Property | Typical Value (VZ-4DA) |
|---|---|
| Ρόλο | Experimental VTOL Research Aircraft |
| National Origin | United States (U.S. Army) |
| Κατασκευαστής | Doak Aircraft Company |
| First Flight | February 1958 (Conventional), February 1959 (Vertical) |
| Πλήρωμα | 2 (Pilot and Observer) |
| Μήκος | 9.75 m (32 ft 0 in) |
| Εκπέτασμα | 4.88 m (16 ft 0 in) |
| Ύψος | 3.05 m (10 ft 0 in) |
| Gross Weight | 1,450 kg (3,200 lb) |
Powerplant and Propulsion System
- Engine: 1 x Lycoming T53-L-1 turboshaft engine (later used in the Bell UH-1 Huey).
- Power Output: 825 shp (615 kW).
- Propulsion: Two tilting ducted fans (impellers), each connected to the engine via a transmission system to ensure synchronous rotation and thrust.
- Flight Control: In vertical mode, control was provided by vanes located in the ducted fan exhaust. In forward flight, conventional rudder, elevator, and ailerons were used.
- Maximum Speed (Cruise): Approximately 370 km/h (230 mph).
- Service Ceiling: 6,096 m (20,000 ft).
Program Outcome and Legacy
- Test Program: The VZ-4DA successfully demonstrated the transition from vertical to horizontal flight and back, validating the ducted fan tilt-wing concept.
- Performance: Although the tests were successful, the VZ-4DA suffered from complex mechanical systems required to articulate the fans and transfer power, and it had a limited payload capacity.
- Conclusion: The U.S. Army concluded the program in 1960. While the ducted fan concept showed promise, the Army ultimately shifted focus to lighter turboshaft helicopters (like the Bell UH-1) and other VTOL concepts that were considered more mechanically simple and scalable.
- Preservation: The single prototype built, tail number 56-6942, is preserved and on display at the U.S. Army Transportation Museum at Joint Base Langley-Eustis, Virginia.
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