Den Saab JAS 39 Gripen (engelsk: "griffin") er et let enmotors multirolle kampfly fremstillet af det svenske rumfartsfirma Saab. Det var designet til at erstatte Saab 35 Draken og 37 Viggen i det svenske luftvåben (Flygvapnet). Gripen har en deltavinge og canard-konfiguration med afslappet stabilitetsdesign og fly-by-wire flyvekontrol. Den drives af Volvo RM12 og har en tophastighed på Mach 2. Senere fly modificeres til NATO's interoperabilitetsstandarder og til at foretage tankning under flyvningen.
Den Saab JAS 39C Gripenis a lightweight, single-engine multirole fighter designed to replace the Draken and Viggen. The acronymJASstands forJakt(Air-to-Air),Angreb(Air-to-Surface), andSpaning(Reconnaissance). Unlike larger, more expensive fighters, the Gripen was built for “Total Defense”—the ability to be maintained by conscripts and operated from ordinary highways in the Swedish countryside during a conflict. It is widely considered one of the most cost-effective 4.5-generation fighters in existence.
Attribute
Technical Specification (JAS 39C)
Rolle
Multirole / Swing-role Fighter
Besætning
1 (JAS 39D is the 2-seat variant)
First Flight (JAS 39A)
December 9, 1988
Kraftværk
1 × Volvo RM12 (Licensed GE F404) turbofan
Thrust
18,100 lbf (80.5 kN) with afterburner
Maximum Speed
Mach 2.0 (High altitude)
Takeoff Distance
400 meters (1,300 feet)
Bevæbning
1 × 27mm Mauser BK-27 cannon; 8 hardpoints
Smart Design for Austere Conditions
Road Base Operations:The Gripen is specifically designed to land on a 800-meter stretch of highway. Its canards can be tilted forward after landing to act as massive air brakes, pushing the nose down and allowing for heavy braking without a parachute.
The “Turnaround” Speed:A team of just one technician and five conscripts can refuel, rearm, and inspect a Gripen for an air-to-air mission in under10 minutes. This high “sortie rate” allows a small fleet of Gripens to act like a much larger force.
Volvo RM12 Engine:Based on the General Electric F404 (used in the F/A-18 Hornet), Volvo modified the engine to be more reliable for single-engine operations and more resistant to bird strikes—a common hazard when flying low-level missions over Swedish forests.
Advanced Data Link (TIDLS):Sweden was a pioneer in data-linking. A Gripen can share its radar view with other Gripens or ground stations silently, allowing one aircraft to track a target while another, with its radar turned off, sneaks in for the kill.
Global Reach & Evolution
The “C” Standard:The JAS 39C was the first version to be fully NATO-compatible, featuring color cockpit displays, a retractable refueling probe, and English-language interfaces.
International Operators:Beyond Sweden, the Gripen C/D is operated by South Africa, Hungary, the Czech Republic, and Thailand. It is also used by the UK’s Empire Test Pilots’ School (ETPS) as a premier training platform for future test pilots.
Precision Arsenal:It was the first fighter in the world to be integrated with theMeteorlong-range missile and can carry a vast array of international weapons, including the IRIS-T, GBU-series bombs, and the RBS-15 anti-ship missile.
The Gripen E:The newest evolution, theJAS 39E(Gripen E), is currently entering service. It is a significantly larger aircraft with a more powerful engine (GE F414), AESA radar, and much greater fuel capacity.
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