Hawker Hurricane | |
|---|---|
| 国家 | 英国 |
| 首次飞行 | 1935年11月6日 |
| 作用 | 战斗机 |
| 建立 | 14583 |
这 小贩飓风 是20世纪30-40年代的英国单座战斗机，主要由英国皇家空军（RAF）的霍克飞机有限公司设计和制造。虽然被超级海洋喷火所掩盖，但该飞机在英国战役中声名狼藉，占英国皇家空军在战斗中空中胜利的60%，并在第二次世界大战的所有主要战区服役。
源： 维基百科上小贩飓风
| Hawker Hurricane Mk.I Walk Around | |
|---|---|
| 摄影师 | 安德雷·斯卡卡，雅罗·穆萨 |
| 位置 | 伦敦科学博物馆 |
| 照片 | 23 |
| Hawker Hurricane Mk IIC Walk Around | |
|---|---|
| 摄影师 | 安德烈·津丘克 |
| 位置 | 未知 |
| 照片 | 46 |
| Hawker Hurricane Mk.XII | |
|---|---|
| 摄影师 | 弗拉基米尔·亚库博夫 |
| 本地化 | 飞行遗产收藏 |
| 照片 | 67 |
另请参阅：
| Hawker Hurricane Mk.XII B Walk Around | |
|---|---|
| 摄影师 | 塞斯·亨德里克斯 |
| 本地化 | 未知 |
| 照片 | 29 |
| Hawker Hurricane Mk. IV Walk Around | |
|---|---|
| 摄影师 | Dean |
| 本地化 | 未知 |
| 照片 | 21 |
The Hawker Hurricane was a single-seat British fighter aircraft that played a crucial and often-overshadowed role as the workhorse of the Royal Air Force (RAF) during the 英国之战 in 1940. Designed by Sydney Camm, it was the RAF’s first monoplane fighter with an enclosed cockpit and retractable landing gear, entering service in 1937.
Key Design and Construction
The Hurricane was distinguished by its traditional, yet rugged, construction, which contributed to its durability and ease of repair in the field, a crucial factor during the intensity of the Battle of Britain.
- Fuselage: Featured an older, but extremely tough, steel-tube structure (Warren truss), covered in doped linen fabric. This allowed the aircraft to absorb significant battle damage, with some cannon shells passing through the fabric without exploding.
- Wings: Early models had fabric-covered wings, which were later replaced by all-metal, stressed-skin wings (from the Mk I revised onwards) to handle higher diving speeds and greater stress. Crucially, the metal wing was interchangeable with the older fabric wing for easy retrofitting.
- Engine: Powered by the iconic Rolls-Royce Merlin V-12 liquid-cooled engine, giving it a top speed of around 340 mph (547 km/h) in later variants.
- Landing Gear: Its wide-track undercarriage made it more stable and easier to land than the Spitfire, a significant advantage for less experienced pilots.
Armament and Roles
The Hurricane’s heavy and concentrated firepower made it a highly effective bomber interceptor throughout the war.
| Variant / Mark | 装备 | Primary Role |
|---|---|---|
| Mk I (Early) | 8 x .303-inch Browning machine guns | Primary defense fighter during the Battle of Britain. |
| Mk IIB | Upgraded to 12 x .303-inch machine guns | High firepower fighter. |
| Mk IIC | 4 x 20 mm Hispano cannon | Night fighter, fighter-bomber. |
| Mk IID / IV | 2 x 40 mm anti-tank cannons (IID) or Rockets (IV) | Ground-attack / “Tank-buster” (Hurri-bomber). |
During the Battle of Britain, the Hurricane’s robust design and stable gun platform made it the ideal aircraft for engaging the slower-moving German bomber formations. It is credited with shooting down 60% of the Luftwaffe aircraft destroyed during that crucial period.
Legacy and Service
Despite being superseded as a high-altitude interceptor by the Spitfire, the Hurricane’s reliability and adaptability kept it in service throughout the entire war, leading to a total production of over 14,500 units.
Notable variants included the Sea Hurricane, adapted for carrier operations to protect Atlantic convoys, and tropicalized versions that fought in North Africa, the Soviet Union, and the Far East, cementing its status as a vital, dependable, and highly adaptable workhorse of the Allied forces.
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