作者档案： 斯德克夫兹.000

这 喀秋莎 multiple rocket launcher (Russian: Катю́ша; IPA: [kɐˈtʲuʂə] (About this sound listen)) is a type of rocket artillery first built and fielded by the Soviet Union in World War II. Multiple rocket launchers such as these deliver explosives to a target area more quickly than conventional artillery, but with lower accuracy and requiring a longer time to reload. They are fragile compared to artillery guns, but are inexpensive, easy to produce, and usable on any chassis. The Katyushas of World War II, the first self-propelled artillery mass-produced by the Soviet Union, were usually mounted on ordinary trucks. This mobility gave the Katyusha, and other self-propelled artillery, another advantage: being able to deliver a large blow all at once, and then move before being located and attacked with counter-battery fire. Katyusha weapons of World War II included the BM-13 launcher, light BM-8, and heavy BM-31. Today, the nickname is also applied to newer truck-mounted post-Soviet – in addition to non-Soviet – multiple rocket launchers, notably the common BM-21 Grad and its derivatives.

源： BM-13 在维基上的 ZiL-157

这 BM-30 斯默奇 （俄语：[旋风]），9K58斯默奇或9A52-2斯默奇-M是苏联重型多重火箭发射器。该系统旨在打击集中地区、火炮电池、指挥所和弹药库的人员、装甲和软目标。它创建于20世纪80年代初，1989年在苏联军队服役。1983年西方首次观测到时，它收到了代号ML 280mm M1983。预计它将被 9A52-4 龙卷风取代

源： BM-30 斯默奇在维基