Dornier Do.335

Dornier Do.335
Kraju	Nazistowskie Niemcy
Roli	Myśliwiec-bombowiec
Pierwszy lot	26 października 1943 r.
Zbudowany	37

Tthe Dornier Do 335 Pfeil –myśliwiec ciężki z okresu II wojny światowej zbudowany przez firmę Dornier. Dwumiejscowa wersja trenera była również nazywana Ameisenbär ("mrówkojad"). Osiągi Pfeila były znacznie lepsze niż w przypadku innych konstrukcji dwusilnikowych ze względu na unikalny układ "push-pull" i znacznie niższy aerodynamiczny opór w linii wyrównania dwóch silników. Był to najszybszy niemiecki samolot z silnikiem tłokowym z okresu II wojny światowej. Luftwaffe było zdesperowane, aby projekt został uruchomiony, ale opóźnienia w dostawach silników spowodowały, że tylko garstka została dostarczona przed zakończeniem wojny.

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Dornier Do.335 A-0 Pfeil Spacer
Fotograf	Cees Hendriks
Lokalizacja	Niewiedzy
Zdjęcia	67

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Dornier Do 335 A B-2 Pfeil
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Zdjęcia	26

Dornier Do 335

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A Radical Approach to Speed

Tthe Dornier Do 335 Pfeil was a revolutionary heavy fighter that defied conventional twin-engine design. By placing the engines in a “push-pull” tandem arrangement—one in the nose and one in the tail—Dornier eliminated the aerodynamic drag associated with wing-mounted nacelles and solved the deadly “asymmetric thrust” issues that plagued traditional twin-engine planes if one engine failed. The result was a massive, incredibly fast aircraft that could outrun almost anything in the sky.

Attribute	Technical Specification (Do 335 A-1)
Roli	Heavy Fighter / Fighter-Bomber
Załogi	1 (A-series) or 2 (M-series night fighter)
First Flight	October 26, 1943
Zespół napędowy	2 × Daimler-Benz DB 603E inverted V-12s
Horsepower	1,800 hp (1,342 kW) per engine
Prędkość maksymalna	474 mph (763 km/h)
Service Ceiling	37,400 feet (11,400 m)
Uzbrojenie	1 × 30mm MK 103 cannon (engine-mounted); 2 × 20mm MG 151/20 cannons

The “Push-Pull” Innovation

Tandem Engine Layout: The front engine drove a standard tractor propeller, while the rear engine drove a pusher propeller via a long extension shaft. This kept the frontal area small, giving the Do 335 the drag profile of a single-engine fighter despite having double the power.
The Cruciform Tail: To protect the rear propeller during takeoff and landing, the Do 335 featured a unique four-finned “cross” tail. The lower vertical fin acted as a bumper to prevent the propeller from striking the runway if the pilot over-rotated.
Emergency Separation: Because of the rear propeller, a traditional bailout was impossible. The Do 335 featured an ejection seat; before the pilot was launched, explosive bolts would blow off the rear propeller and the top vertical fin to ensure a clear escape path.
Reversible Pitch Propellers: The rear propeller could be adjusted to provide reverse thrust, significantly shortening the landing run for such a heavy and fast aircraft.

Combat Capability & Late Arrival

The “Anteater” (Ameisenbär): The two-seat night fighter version (Do 335 A-6) featured a second, raised cockpit for the radar operator, giving the aircraft a humped appearance that led to its ungraceful nickname.
Heavy Firepower: The 30mm MK 103 cannon fired through the front propeller hub (Motorkanone), providing enough destructive power to down a heavy bomber with just a few hits.
The “Ghost” Interceptions: While the Do 335 never saw major air-to-air combat, several Allied pilots reported seeing a massive, incredibly fast German plane that simply pulled away from them with ease. Famous French ace Pierre Clostermann once attempted to intercept one in a Hawker Tempest, but the “Arrow” outran him before he could get in range.
Preservation: Only one complete Do 335 survives today. Captured by the Americans, it was returned to Germany for restoration in the 1970s before being placed on permanent display at the Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center in Virginia, USA.