M48 パットン戦車 - 各部の名称

タンクM48パットン
国	米国
型	中戦車
サービス中	1953年~90年代

●M48パットンはアメリカで設計された主力戦車(MBT)でした。これは、第二次世界大戦中に米国第三軍の司令官であり、戦闘で戦車を使用するための最も初期のアメリカの支持者の一人であるジョージ・S・パットン将軍にちなんで正式に命名された3番目の戦車でした。●M47パットン戦車の更なる開発でした。M48パットンは、M60に置き換えられるまで米国のサービスにあり、ベトナム戦争中にアメリカ陸軍と海兵隊の主要な戦車を務めました。これは、米国の冷戦同盟国、特に他の北大西洋条約機構(NATO)諸国によって広く使用されました。

ソース：ウィキペディアの M48 パットン

M48 Patton
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M48 Patton 01

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M48 Patton 08

M48 Patton 09

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Norwegian M48A5 Walk Around
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M48A5 ノルウェー語

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M48 Patton Medium Tank Walk Around
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M48 Patton Medium Tank 02

M48 Patton Medium Tank 01

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M48 Patton Medium Tank 03

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M48 Patton Medium Tank 08

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M48A3 Patton Tank Walk Around
カメラマン	Bill Maloney
ローカライズ	パットン博物館
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M48A3 Patton 02

M48A3 Patton 01

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M48A2C Patton 48 Walk Around
カメラマン	Vladimir Yakubov
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M48 Patton Walk Around
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M48 Patton Walk Around
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The Quintessential Cold War Warrior

ザ M48 パットン represented a massive leap in tank design, moving away from the WWII-era construction of the M46 and M47. Introduced in the early 1950s, it featured a revolutionary hemispherical “turtle-back” turret and a fully cast hull, designed to deflect the high-velocity kinetic shells of the Soviet Union. While it was initially plagued by engine reliability and limited range, the later diesel-powered M48A3 became the face of American armor during the Vietnam War. It was the last U.S. tank to mount a 90mm main gun before the transition to the 105mm “Super Patton” (M60).

Attribute	Technical Specification (M48A3)
役割	Medium Tank / Main Battle Tank
乗組員	4 (Commander, Gunner, Loader, Driver)
エンジン	Continental AVDS-1790-2A V12 air-cooled diesel (750 hp)
最高速度	48 km/h (30 mph)
主砲	90 mm M41 Rifled Gun (62 rounds)
副武装	1 × .50 cal M2HB in cupola; 1 × .30 cal M60 coaxial
鎧	110 mm front hull; 178 mm turret face
動作範囲	463 km (288 miles) with diesel engine

Design Engineering: Casting the Future

The Hemispherical Turret: The M48 moved away from flat, welded plates to a one-piece cast turret. The rounded shape ensured that incoming rounds were more likely to strike at an extreme angle, causing them to ricochet rather than penetrate.
The M19 Commander’s Cupola: One of the most distinctive (and controversial) features was the massive M19 cupola. It allowed the commander to operate a .50 caliber machine gun from 中に the safety of the tank, though it made the tank’s silhouette much taller and easier to spot.
Gas to Diesel: Early Pattons used gasoline engines that were notoriously thirsty and prone to catching fire if hit. The M48A3 upgrade introduced the AVDS-1790 diesel engine, which doubled the tank’s range and significantly improved crew survivability.
Optical Rangefinder: The M48 was equipped with a stereoscopic coincidence rangefinder. The gunner would look through “eyebrows” on the side of the turret to align two images of the target, automatically calculating the distance for the main gun—a precursor to modern fire-control computers.

Operational History: From Iron Curtain to Jungle

Vietnam Jungle Fighter: In Vietnam, the Patton was rarely used in tank-on-tank duels. Instead, it was an “infantry’s best friend,” using 90mm “beehive” rounds (filled with thousands of tiny darts) and high-explosive shells to clear bunkers and dense foliage.
The Battle of Asal Uttar: In 1965, during the Indo-Pakistani War, Pakistani M48s faced Indian Centurions. While the Patton was more technologically advanced, the Indian crews’ superior tactics led to a decisive victory, creating what became known as the “Patton Nagar” (Patton Graveyard).
Six-Day War: Israeli M48s (known as マガッハ) performed brilliantly in the Sinai, proving that when handled by highly trained crews, the Patton’s 90mm gun and excellent optics could dominate Soviet-made T-54/55 tanks.
The 105mm Upgrade: Eventually, most M48s were up-gunned with the British-designed 105mm L7 (the M68) to stay relevant against newer Soviet armor, resulting in the M48A5 variant which served in National Guard units until the 1980s.